Snapdragons

Diphenylamine inhibits the development of scald disease during prolonged cold storage of apples and pears (42—45). It prolongs the fresh appearance of cut snapdragons (46), controls weather fleck in tobacco, inhibits algae formation, and shows growth inhibitory activity in potatoes (47). 

SMARTWEED Pofygonum lapathifoUum) SNAPDRAGON Antirrhinum majus L.) SORGHUM Sorghum vulgare Pers.)... 

Flavone synthase (FNS EC 1.14.11.22) introduces a double bond between C2 and C3 of a flavanone to produce the corresponding flavone. This activity was initially identified in parsley cell suspension cultures and subsequently shown to be encoded by a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase [67, 78, 79], This enzyme, now known as FNS-I, appears to have very limited distribution. To date, it has only been identified in the Apiaceae family (Umbellifers). The more widely occurring FNS-II (CYP93B) was initially identified from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers [80] and was subsequently shown to be a P450 enzyme. FNS-I, FNS-II, and the various roles flavones play in plant species have recently been reviewed by Martens and Mithofer [81], Subsequent to this review, Yu et al. [82] demonstrated that the characteristic lack of natural accumulation of flavones in Brassicaceae could not be overcome in A. thaliana even by overexpression of recombinant parsley FNS-I. 

Stotz G, Forkmann G (1981) Oxidation of flavanones to flavones with flower extracts of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon). Z Naturforsch 36C 737-741... 

Nagegowda DA, Gutensohn M, WBkerson CG, Dudareva N (2008) Two nearly identical terpene synthases catalyze the formation of neroUdol and hnalool in snapdragon flowers. Plant J 55 224-239... 

Figure 2.1 The foxglove plant, a member of the snapdragon family, grows In Europe and was the original source for the heart drug digitalis. Digitalis Is now manufactured synthetically.

Sata, T. et al.. Enzymatic formation of aurones in the extracts of yellow snapdragon flowers. Plant Set, 160, 229, 2001. 

Dudareva, N., Murfitt, L.M., Mann, C. J. et al. (2000). Developmental regulation of methyl benzoate biosynthesis and emission in snapdragon flowers. Plant Cell 12 949-961. 

Baker ME. Genealogy of regulation of human sex and adrenal function, prostaglandin action, snapdragon and petunia flower colors, antibiotics, and nitrogen fixation functional diversity from two ancestral dehydrogenases. Steroids 56 1991 354-360. 

It is too bad that we have not got further than my game of snapdragon but we must not, under any circumstances, keep you beyond your time. It will be a lesson to me in future to... 

Maize mutants with altered flavonoid metabolism can also be identified based on variation in color, either of the seeds, the vegetative parts of the plant, or the floral structures (anthers and silks). Petunia (Petunia hybrida) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) have also been widely used as model species for the elucidation of flavonoid biosynthesis (reviewed by Winkel-Shirley, 2001). In the description of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis presented in this section, the emphasis will be on maize and Arabidopsis. 

Moore, Bd., Palmquist, D.E. Seemann, J R. (1 997) Influence of plant growth at high C02 concentrations on leaf content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and intracellular distribution of soluble carbohydrates in tobacco, snapdragon, and parsley. Plant Physiology 11 5, 241-248. 

Color perception can also be influenced by the physical properties of the cells where anthocyanins accumulate. An example is provided by the effect of the Mixta gene in snapdragon, which controls conical cell shape. Petal cells lacking Mixta function are palely pigmented because of the way light reflects, which could have significant consequences in the ways pollinators are attracted.68... 

In snapdragon flowers, methylbenzoate is the most abundant floral volatile and is emitted in the upper and lower lobes of the petals.54 73,74 The emission of this volatile is rhythmically regulated with the highest emission occurring during the day.75... 

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