Flavonoid metabolism

Stafford, H. A. 1990. Flavonoid Metabolism. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 

Ayabe SI and Akashi T. 2006. Cytochrome P450s in flavonoid metabolism. Phytochem Rev 5 271-282. 

USE OF RECOMBINANT scFv ANTIBODIES TO DISRUPT FLAVONOID METABOLISM IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS... 

Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the USDA (grants 98-35301-6514 and 2003-35318-13749) and NSF (grant MCB-0614260) for past and current support of their work on secondary product glycosyltransferases and flavonoid metabolism in C. paradisi. 

Juwadi PR et ai, Genomics reveals traces of fungal phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolic pathway in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, J Microbiol 43 475-486, 2005. 

Fischer, T.C. et al.. Molecular cloning, substrate specificity of the functionally expressed dihydroflavonol 4-reductases from Malus domestica and Pyrus communis cultivars and the consequences for flavonoid metabolism Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 412, 223, 2003. 

O Leary, K.A., Day, A.J., Needs, P.W., Mellon, F.A., O Brien, N.M., and Williamson, G., Metabolism of quercetin-7- and quercetin-3-glucuronides by an in vitro hepatic model the role of human (3-glucuronidase, sulfotransferase, catechol-0-methyltransferase and multi-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) in flavonoid metabolism, Biochem. Pharmacol, 65, 479, 2003. 

Eventually, flavonoids can be hydroxylated or demethylated by CYPs. For instance, hesperetin (4 -methoxy-3, 5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) is specifically demethylated by CYPs lAl and IBl, but not by CYPs 1A2 and 3A4. In addition, 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone undergoes sequential CYP lAl-catalyzed hydroxylation at C4 and C3 to finally yield querce-tin. These reactions may be relevant to flavonoid metabolism and cytotoxicity since the corresponding products are more reducing and thus more prone to autoxidation with simultaneous ROS production. 

Maize mutants with altered flavonoid metabolism can also be identified based on variation in color, either of the seeds, the vegetative parts of the plant, or the floral structures (anthers and silks). Petunia (Petunia hybrida) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) have also been widely used as model species for the elucidation of flavonoid biosynthesis (reviewed by Winkel-Shirley, 2001). In the description of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis presented in this section, the emphasis will be on maize and Arabidopsis. 

Das NP. 1974. Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Excretion of m-hydroxyphenylhy-dracrylic acid from (plus)-catechin in the monkey (Macaca iris sp.). Drug Metab Dispos 2 209-213. 

Griffiths LA. 1964. Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Identification of the metabolities of ( + )-catechin in rat urine. Biochem J 92 173-179. 

DeEds, F. "Flavonoid Metabolism" Comprehensive Biochemistry, Vol. 20. Elsevier Amsterdam, New York, 1968. 

Modification of Flavonoid Metabolism Using Transcription Factors 109... 

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