Spasm smooth muscle

Pharmacology Counteracts smooth muscle spasm of the urinary tract and exerts its effect directly on the muscle. 

It shows effect on colonic muscle activity. It is indicated in smooth muscle spasm. 

Antimuscarinic agents have also been used in urolithiasis to relieve the painful ureteral smooth muscle spasm caused by passage of the stone. However, their usefulness in this condition is debatable. 

Methylchromone (Tricromyl or Crodimyl) possesses muscle relaxant properties and exerts a vasodilator effect on coronary blood vessels, whilst the flavone derivative Flavoxate (Urispas) (725) is an antispasmodic agent which reduces smooth muscle spasm in the urinary tract. The isofiavone Formononetin (726) is a diuretic and Dimeffine (Remeflin) (727) is a respiratory stimulant. 

For the relief of pain arising from spasm of smooth muscle, as in renal or biliary colic, morphine is frequently employed. Other measures including antispasmodics such as atropine, atropine substitutes, theophylline, nitrites, and heat may be employed first however, if they are ineffective, meperidine, methadone, or opiates must be used. Morphine relieves pain only by a central action and may aggravate the condition producing the pain by exaggerating the smooth muscle spasm. Morphine may also be indispensable for the relief of pain due to acute vascular occlusion, whether this be peripheral, pulmonary, or coronary in origin. In painful acute pericarditis, pleurisy, and spontaneous pneumothorax, morphine is likewise indicated. Carefully chosen and properly spaced doses of codeine or morphine may occasionally be necessary in pneumonia to control pain, dyspnea, and restlessness. Traumatic pain arising from fractures, bums, etc., frequently requires morphine. In shock, whether due to trauma, poisons, or other causes, morphine may be required to relieve severe pain. 

For their actions on the gut, against muscle spasm and hypermotility, e.g. against colic (pain due to spasm of smooth muscle) and to reduce morphine-induced smooth muscle spasm when the analgesic is used against acute colic. 

Occasionally, gastrointestinal disorders have been related to the use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, possibly through binding of nitrous oxide, causing gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm (9,20). 

Its ability to dry secretions has also been used in the so-called rhinitis tablets for symptomatic relief in colds. In cathartic preparations, atropine or belladonna has been used at an untispasmodic to lessen the smooth muscle spasm (griping) often as.s(K iated with catharsis. 

Alverine citrate, a non-antimuscarinic selective antispasmodic that acts directly on smooth muscle, is indicated for the treatment of pain and smooth-muscle spasm in IBS. 

Smooth muscle contraction Vascular permeability Mucus secretion Chemotaxis Neutrophil chemotaxis Smooth muscle spasm Mucus secretion Airway permeability Chemotaxis Vascular permeability... 

Dicyclomine is an anfispasmodic agent that relieves smooth-muscle spasm of the G1 tract through anticholinergic effects and direct action on G1 smooth muscle. It is indicated in the treatment of functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome (e.g., irritable colon, spastic colon, and mucous colitis). 

Dipyrone is a water-soluble pyrazolone derivative available in oral, rectal, and injectable forms. It has been recogifized as an effective analgesic, antipyretic, and antispasmodic drug. Some antiinflammatory properties have also been recogifized in pharmacological models, although it is stiU questionable whether this is of any clinical relevance. Dipyrone is indicated in severe pain, particularly, pain associated with smooth-muscle spasm or colic affecting the GI, biliary, or urinary tract. It is also useful in fever that is refractory to other treatment. 

Flavoxate is a urinary tract and spasmodic/alicalinizer, which counteracts smooth-muscle spasms of urinary tract. It is indicated in symptomatic relief of dysuria, urgency, nocturia, suprapubic pain, frequency and incontinence associated with cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, urethrocysti-tis/urethrotrigonitis. Flavoxate, a flavone derivative and urinary tract spasmolytic (100 to 200 mg p.o. t.i.d.), is used in the symptomatic relief of dysuria, frequency, urgency, nocturia, incontinence, and suprapubic pain associated with urologic, disorders. 

THERAP CAT (VET) In cyanide poisoning. Has been used as a vasodilator, as a circulatory (blood pressure) depressant and to relieve smooth muscle spasm. 

It possesses approximately l/8th the neurotropic activity of atropine, and nearly double the musculotropic activity of papaverine. It has substantially minimised the imdesirable side effect intimately linked with the atropine-type compounds. It exerts its spasmolytic effect on various smooth-muscle spasms, specifically those associated with the Gl-tract. 

Meperidine has been used extensively to treat renal colic [1-3]. There is some evidence which suggests that meperidine may produce less smooth muscle spasm than equianalgesic doses of morphine. A comparison of meperidine with ketorolac, in the management of renal colic, demonstrated that the NSAID had a more rapid onset of action and fewer side effects than meperidine. Similarly, a comparison of 1 mg hydromophone to 50 mg of meperidine, also used to treat renal colic, demonstrated the need for fewer breakthrough medications (hydromophone 31% vs. meperidine 68%), fewer IV pyelograms (28% vs. 54%), fewer hospital admissions (25% vs. 49%) and improved analgesia. 

Dipyrone, also known as metamizole sodium. Analgin, Novalgin or Melubrin, displays the highest efiScacy among antipyretic analgesics and is effective in visceral pain associated with smooth muscle spasm. It is rapidly absorbed when administered orally or via the rectal route. It is water soluble and is also available for intravenous administration. Dipyrone is a prodrug which, after oral administration, is rapidly hydrolysed in the gastric environment to its major metabolite 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine (MAA) and... 

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