Slip measurement

A basic process flow diagram for the SNCR TDN process is shown in Figure 17.3. Anhydrous or aqueous ammonia is vaporized and mixed with a carrier gas of air or steam for transport to injection/distribution modules. The injection distribution modules distribute ammonia and/or hydrogen reagent and carrier gas to proprietary spray nozzles or injection lances. Reagent flow control can be controlled and trimmed by outlet NOx signals or ammonia slip measurements. 

Motor slip is the difference between the rotational speed of an idle motor and the motor under load. Motor slip measurements, although relatively inexpensive, do not offer advantages over the power consumption measurements. The method did not gain popularity, probably because the slip is not linearly related to the load, despite some claims to the contrary. 

Elementary Ideas of Flow Properties Flow Properties of Casting-slips Measurement of Flow Properties Dilatancy Rheopexy... 

The devices/equipment used are known as continuous reading, fixed-slip measuring equipment. The testing procedure and method of measurement are carried out in accordance to ASTM E 2340 (2011). 

An overthrust is a thrust fault that has a dip of 10° or less, and its net slip measures several kilometres. Overthrusts may be folded or even overturned. As a consequence, when they are subsequently eroded, remnants of the overthrust rocks may be left as outliers surrounded by rocks that lay beneath the thrust. These remnant areas are termed klippe, and the area that separates them from the parent overthrust is referred to as a fenster or a window. The area that occurs in front of the overthrust is called the foreland. 

Testing of lubricants is based on the determination of the flow behavior of plastic melts (capillary viscosi-metry, spiral flow test, demolding force, by plasto-graph, extrusiometer, melt strength, roll-mill tests, etc.) or by finished part testing (gloss and smoothness, slip measurements, determination of static friction, etc.). 

The use of a damper to suppress stick-slip, although convenient, would seem to be open to the objection that it will produce an average value of the periodic force observed in an undamped system. Our observations reported in our paper on the friction of rubber on ice indicate that the perk value of the frictional force is more appropriate. Without repeating our reasons for believing this, there is the experimental observation that increasing the transducers strong stiffness increases the minimum value of the periodic force without affecting the maximum. It would affect, therefore, that an infinitely stiff mechanical system would produce a non-periodic force equal to the maximum value obtained in a stick-slip measurement. 

Archer, L. A. Wall slip Measurement and modeling issues. Chapter 4 of Hatzikiriakos, S. G., Migler, K. B., Eds., Polymer Processing Instabilities (2005) Marcel Dekker... 

In this work we have observed that distinct changes in the anq>litude and ddration of the stick-slip, measured on the hanging fibre equipment, occur as the tension in the horizontal fibre is varied. Figure 7 shows typical traces at high and low tensions. Figure 8 shows the static friction at zero applied load as a function of the tension, T the data are non-linear. 

Archer, L. A. Wall-Slip Measurement and Modeling Issues, in K. Migler and S. Hatzikiriakos (eds.). Polymer Processing Instabilities, Dekker, New York, 2004, pp. 73-120. 

The wall slip measurements were carried out on the same capillary rheometer at 180°C according to the Mooney method [12]. Three dies having 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm diameter and L/D=16 are used to record the wall shear stress at apparent shear rates within 20-100 s. If the die radius is R, the true slip free shear rate is Yj, the slip velocity is U, the volume flow rate, Q, through the die is given by the following equation [13] ... 

The presence of surface conductance behind the slip plane alters the relationships between the various electrokinetic phenomena [83, 84] further complications arise in solvent mixtures [85]. Surface conductance can have a profound effect on the streaming current and electrophoretic mobility of polymer latices [86, 87]. In order to obtain an accurate interpretation of the electrostatic properties of a suspension, one must perform more than one type of electrokinetic experiment. One novel approach is to measure electrophoretic mobility and dielectric spectroscopy in a single instrument [88]. 

The liquid in B rapidly volatilises at the bottom of the tube T, the stopper being thrown off, and bubbles of air escape from D into the tube C. Continue boiling the liquid in J steadily until no more bubbles escape into C. Then carefully slip the end of D from under the tube C, close the end of C securely with the finger, and then transfer the tube to a gas-jar of water, so that the level of the water inside and outside C can be equalised. Measure the volume of air in C, and note the room temperature and the barometric pressure. The vapour density can now be calculated (see p. 428). 

Measurement of open-circuit rotor volts for slip-ring motors. 

In slip-ring motors the rotor winding resistance will be measured at the point of connection of the rotor winding to the slip-rings, so that the slip-ring resistance is eliminated from the measurement of the true rotor winding resistance. 

For the range of load for which the efficiency is determined, the measurement of slip is very important. To determine slip by subtracting from the synchronous speed the value of speed, obtained through a tachometer is not recommended. The slip must be directly measured by one of the following methods ... 

In slip-ring motors normal voltage and frequency are applied to the stator with the connection of the rotor brush gear open-circuited. The phase voltages induced in the rotor are then measured across the slip-rings. 

At yet higher temperatures (>1.4T ) the secondary bonds melt completely and even the entanglement points slip. This is the regime in which thermoplastics are moulded linear polymers become viscous liquids. The viscosity is always defined (and usually measured) in shear if a shear stress o produces a rate of shear 7 then the viscosity (Chapter 19) is... 

It was established by feeding measurements that there was a potential difference of 0.45 V between the turbine shaft and the housing. A shaft slip-ring served for the necessaiy potential equalization (see Fig. 21-5). After this system was installed, the potential difference was only <5 mV. According to the operating conditions of the turbine, a current up to 1.5 A flows through this system. 

The dependence of release force on the flexibility of the release layers is noted in systems other than silicones. Recent work in olefin release shows that release is a strong function of the density or crystallinity of the layer [44], At a density above 0.9 g/cm release for an acrylate PSA is greater than 270 g/cm. However, when the density of PE is dropped to 0.865 g/cm-, the release force of the same adhesive construction drops to 35 g/cm. An investigation of interfacial friction and slip in these systems has not yet been reported, but again the manipulation of release rheology greatly impacts the measured peel force. 

Cunningham correction factor A factor used as a refinement to the Stokes equation for falling particles of small diameter. These tend to slip between the air molecules and, as a result, fall faster. Cup anemometer A device used by meteorologists for the measurement of wind speed. 

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