Sleepiness

Phelps Memorial Hospital Center 701 N. Broadway Sleepy Hollow, NY 10591 Emergency Phone (800) 222-1222... 

In conditions of acute sleep deprivation, "microsleeps" will occur more and more often. These very short sleeps do not have the recuperative value of normal sleep, and the sleep-deprived person still feels sleepy and performance still degrades even though there may be a large number of microsleep periods. 

In addition, adenosine is implicated in sleep regulation. During periods of extended wakefulness, extracellular adenosine levels rise as a result of metabolic activity in the brain, and this increase promotes sleepiness. During sleep, adenosine levels fall. Caffeine promotes wakefulness by blocking the interaction of extracellular adenosine with its neuronal receptors. ... 

It was as dark as a motive, and smoky on the tongue, like a kiss between cigarettes. It didn t even have a name. There was sugar on the rim, but wait, there was an adult spice in the sugar, too—a coarse powder of freshly ground cinnamon. I felt as if the drink was watching me, sleepy-eyed, to see the effects begin. 

CRH (Corticotropin releasing hormone) is expressed in the nucleus paraventricularis of the hypothalamus and drives the stress hormone system by activating synthesis and release of corticotropin at the pituitary and in turn corticosteroid from the adrenal cortex. CRH is also expressed at many other brain locations not involved in neuroendocrine regulation, e.g. the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Preclinical studies have shown that CRH also coordinates the behavioral adaptation to stress (e.g. anxiety, loss of appetite, decreased sleepiness, autonomic changes, loss of libido). 

The mode of action of modafinil, a new arousal-promoting compound used in the treatment of sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, is not fully understood. 

Drowsiness, sedation, sleepiness, lethargy, constipation, diarrhea, bradycardia, tachycardia, rash... 

Drowsiness is the most common reaction seen with the use of skeletal muscle relaxants. Additional adverse reactions are given in die Summary Drug Table Drugp Used to Treat Musculoskeletal Disorders. Some of the adverse reactions tiiat may be seen with the administration of diazepam include drowsiness, sedation, sleepiness, letiiargy, constipation or diarrhea, bradycardia or tachycardia, and rash. 

Narcolepsy Keep a record of the number of times per day that periods of sleepiness occur, and bring this record to each visit to the primary healtii care provider or clinic. 

D. keep a record of how often periods of sleepiness occur... 

The most common adverse reaction associated with phenobarbital is sedation, which can range from mild sleepiness or drowsiness to somnolence. These dru > may also cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, bradycardia, hypoventilation, skin rash, headache fever, and diarrhea Agitation, rather than sedation, may occur in some patients. Some of these adverse effects may be reduced or eliminated as therapy continues. Occasionally, a slight dosage reduction, without reducing the ability of the drug to control the seizures, will reduce or eliminate some of these adverse reactions. 

The nurse must report symptoms of succinimide overdosage immediately. Symptoms of overdosage in dude confuson, sleepiness, unsteadiness flaccid muscles slow shallow respirations nausea, vomiting, hypotension, absent reflexes nd CNS depression leading to coma. It is important to report symptoms to the primary health care provider immediately. Therapeutic serum blood levels of ethosuximide (Zarontin) range from 40 to 100 mcg/mL... 

Avoid the use of alcohol, as well as other drugs that cause sleepiness or drowsiness, while taking these drugp. 

Bradycardia, moderate hypotension Lethargy, sleepiness Pale, cool, dry skin face appears puffy hair coarse nails thick and hard... 

The most common adverse reaction associated with the administration of fat emulsion is sepsis caused by administration equipment and thrombophlebitis caused by vein irritations from concurrently administering hypertonic solutions. Less frequently occurring adverse reactions include dyspnea, cyanosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, nausea, vomiting, headache flushing, increase in temperature sweating, sleepiness, chest and back pain, slight pressure over the eyes, and dizziness. 

Reyner, L. A. and Home, J. A., Efficacy of a functional energy drink in counteracting driver sleepiness. Physiol. Behavior, 75, 331, 2002. 

For modestly viscous oils—those having viscosities of approximately 20-100 centipoise (cP)-water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylamides or xanthan gum have been used to increase the viscosity of toe water injected to displace oil from toe formation. For example, polyacrylamide was added to water used to waterflood a 24 cP oil in toe Sleepy Hollow Field in Nebraska. Polyacrylamide was also used to viscosify water used to flood a 40 cP oil in the Chateaurenard Field, France. With this process, toe polymer is dissolved in toe water, increasing its viscosity. 

Sleepiness Wakefulness state in rats Increases waking [8]... 

AG, a 20-year-old male college student, is seen by his physician 4 days after an apparent seizure during finals week. According to his roommate, he suddenly fell to the floor and had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This seizure lasted for 1 to 2 minutes. The patient was incontinent for urine during the seizure. He was sleepy and confused when the paramedics arrived 1 0 minutes later. Due to final examinations he reports being sleep-deprived. His physical exam is completely normal and no focal neurologic deficits were observed. 

Treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy and other sleep disorders may require the use of sustained- and immediate-release stimulants to effectively promote wakefulness throughout the day and at key times that require alertness. 

Poor sleep architecture and fragmented sleep secondary to OSA can cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and neu-rocognitive deficits. These sequelae can affect quality of life and work performance and may be linked to occupational and motor vehicle accidents. OSA is also associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.21-23 OSA is likely an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension.24 Further, when hypertension is present, it is often resistant to antihypertensive therapy. Fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events are two- to threefold higher in male patients with severe OSA.25 OSA is associated with or aggravates biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, including C-reactive protein and leptin.26,27 Patients with sleep apnea often are obese and maybe predisposed to weight gain. Hence, obesity may further contribute to cardiovascular disease in this patient population. 

---