Sleepiness manifestations

This formula is able to leach out and transform turbid dampness and clear heat-toxin. It is used for treating damp-febrile disease when the damp-heat accumulates in the Qi level and the dampness and heat are equal in intensity. They block the Qi movement and injure the Yin. The manifestations are fever, sleepiness, fullness in the chest, abdominal distension, stiff and sour limbs, painful and swollen throat, thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, difficult urination, wan complexion or jaundice, a white or thick, sticky or dry, yellow tongue coating and a soft and rapid pulse. 

The effect of sleep loss associated with medical disorders can manifest in several ways. Several studies have reported on the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on neurobehavioral functioning. Following only one night of restricted sleep decreased neurobehavioral performance and increased subjective sleepiness and sleep propensity have been reported (1). When the number of nights of sleep restriction is extended beyond one, cumulative decrements in neurobehavioral functioning (2,3) and increased daytime sleepiness levels are evident (4). 

We are using the term inadequate sleep instead of sleep deprivation in our title for a number of reasons. First, few studies have aimed specifically to deprive children or adolescents of sleep. We describe some research on experimental sleep restriction in children but most of these studies fall far short of common deprivation paradigms in animals or even adult humans. Instead, most research in younger humans has assessed outcome measures such as school grades, self-reported sleepiness, and so forth as a function of variations in self-selected or usual sleep patterns with the expectation that children and adolescents who obtain lower than normal amounts of sleep will manifest deficits. Thus, inadequate sleep is defined by sleep characteristics of a sample. We also wanted to note some of the literature on sleep that is disturbed or disrupted due to disease processes such as apnea or periodic leg movements the duration of sleep in sleep disorders may or may not be shortened or restricted although it is likely fragmented and otherwise abnormal. We decided on the term inadequate sleep with the hope that it would encompass these different areas of concern. 

The word narcolepsy refers to a syndrome of unknown origin that is characterized by abnormal sleep tendencies, including excessive daytime sleepiness and often disturbed nocturnal sleep and pathological manifestations of REM sleep. The REM sleep abnormalities include sleep onset REM periods and the dissociated REM sleep inhibitory processes, cataplexy and sleep paralysis. Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and less often sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations are the major symptoms of the disease [12]. 

In 2004 Okrm and colleagues studied the role of cytokines and growth hormone in the regulation of sleep and narcolepsy. Collectively, proinflammatory cytokines and human growth hormone (HGH), were found to be possibly involved in the development of or the exacerbation of narcolepsy (a disabling neurological sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormal sleep manifestations). As the role of the immune system in sleep becomes clearer, a better interpretation will be available to assess why narcoleptics have altered cytokine and HGH levels. Future studies should be conducted to fuUy characterize the sources, patterns, and significance of alterations in patterns of proinflammatory cytokines and HGH in narcolepsy. ... 

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