Sizing and design

These matters are organized into three major divisions the types of equipment, the criteria employed in the selection of equipment, and the sizing and design of the equipment. 

Design Critena Pertinent criteria for quench tank sizing and design are presented below ... 

A study of no-load performance suggests that no-load current, power factor and losses may vary in the following proportions, depending upon the type, size and design of the motor ... 

As a further step towards standardization and to achieve more harmony in motor sizes and designs, for better interchangeability in the motors produced by different manufacturers, in the same country or by other countries. 

An incinerator will usually have a fuel of varying chemical composition and physical properties, as well as varying moisture content and heating value. Also, the fuel fired in one locality may be vastly different from that fired by an incinerator of similar size and design in another locality. Refuse production in the United States has been estimated to average 2.5 kg per person per day in 1970, increasing to 10 kg per person per day by the year 2000. 

Favorable operational economics and good management practices require high levels of control of the ozonation system. Depending on the specific process of ozone applications, plant size, and design philosophy, the control system may be simple or complex. The trend in Europe is toward highly sophisticated and centralized control. 

Mold shrinkage determined on 0.125 X 3 X 6 in molded plaques actual shrinkage will vary with part size and design. Mold shrinkage values for pellethane ... 

Initiating events, in this study, initiate plant scram or setback. Other initiators, such as refueling discharge accidents, do not necessarily cause a reactor shutdown but may lead t< minor fuel damage and radioactive releases. The list of initiators for nuclear power plants has litf ance for HFBR because of size and design differences. A list of HFBR-specific initiators was developed from " st prepared with the HFBR staff, the FSAR, the plant design manual, the procedures manual, techn specifications, monthly operating reports, and the HFIR PRA (Johnson, 1988). 

Consider a thin layer solid bowl centrifuge as shown in Figure 4.20. In this device, particles are flung to the wall of the vessel by centrifugal force while liquor either remains stationary in batch operation or overflows a weir in continuous operation. Separation of solid from liquid will be a function of several quantities including particle and fluid densities, particle size, flowrate of slurry, and machine size and design (speed, diameter, separation distance, etc.). A relationship between them can be derived using the transport equations that were derived in Chapter 3, as follows. 

The design of heaters and waste heat recovery units is beyond the scope of this book. Sizing and design are best left to manufacturers. However, the concepts discussed in this chapter and in Chapter 2 can be used to verify the manufacturer s proposals. 

Procednres for the sizing and design of deflagration vents for pipes and dncts operating at or near atmospheric pressnre (np to 3 psig) are presented in Chapter 8 of NFPA 68 (NFPA 1998). 

It is important to note that quite often the actual compression ratios for the individual cylinders of a multistage machine will not be balanced exacdy. This condition arises as a result of the limiting horsepower absorption for certain cylinder sizes and designs of the manufacturer. In final selection these will be adjusted to give compression ratios to use standard designs as much as possible. 

Incoming water is sprayed through a packed column, which provides for an enlarged surface area, and aids the release of gases from the thin film of water produced in the packing. Depending on the DA size and design, the applied vacuum is maintained either by vacuum pumps or by stream-jet eductors. 

Thus, a failure to properly balance and control various external and internal water chemistry parameters may lead to one or more corrosion mechanisms occurring, including several forms involving oxygen. Many types of corrosion are of themselves unfortunately relatively common phenomena, and the mechanisms also are common to all sizes and designs of boiler. 

Common problems like insufficient filling-packing and poor dimensional control are often related to the gate size and design. Similarly, gate location is another important factor. They should be located in areas having heaviest cross-section of the part to assure fill-out and elimination of sink marks. Also their position should not facilitate the residual molded stress formation in the part, knit line formation. 

Gas turbines require a start-up device, which is usually an electric motor. The power of the start-up device can be up to 15% of the gas turbine power, depending on the size and design of the machine. 

The selection of a specific fuel cell pressure will affect numerous design parameters and considerations such as the current collector width, gas flow pattern, pressure vessel size, pipe and insulation size, blower size and design, compressor auxiliary load, and the selection of a bottoming cycle and its operating conditions. 

It has been a long time since the invention of the lead-acid battery, but it still represents the most important secondary chemical power source—both in number of types and diversity of application. The lead-acid battery has maintained its leading role for so many decades due to its competitive electrical characteristics and price and due to its adaptability to new applications. It is manufactured in a variety of sizes and designs, ranging from less than 1 to over 10 000 A h.206... 

Aspects of coal liquefaction have been much researched, particularly with the re-emeigence of interest caused by the oil crisis in the 1970 s. The type of reactors used in the studies has been various, ranging from small bomb type microautoclaves through larger autoclaves and bench-scale reactors to larger scale pilot or demonstration plants. The use of differently sized and designed high pressure equipment for liquefaction studies further complicates an already complex system and allows only limited comparison of results. 

Parts 58.41 through 58.51 cover the physical facihties of the laboratory. The inspector must determine whether or not the facilities are of adequate size and design for completed or in-process studies. The physical parameters and systems of the facilities as they are used to accommodate the various operations employed in the GLP studies are examined. Investigators also deal explicitly with the environmental control and monitoring procedures for critical areas, especially the rooms used for animal housing, the test article storage areas, and the laboratory areas in which biohazardous material is handled. The procedures and methods for cleaning equipment and areas critical to study conduct as well as the cur-... 

In order to develop a reproducible manufacturing process, attention must be given to particular instructions and screening procedures. For instance, excipients should be free of lumps and proper screening will aid raw material dispersion. Additionally, one should specify the size and design of containers and all equipment to be used. 

---