Sizing agents starch

Fillers e.g. calcium carbonate, kaolin, titanium dioxide Sizing agents, starches Natural dyes, brighteners Retention aids... 

Locust bean gum and its derivatives are exceUent film formers and can be used either alone or in combination with starch as textile sizing agents and dye thickeners in textile printing, and as fiber bonding and beater additives in the papermaking industry. However, in most of these appHcations it has been replaced by guar. 

Alkylketene—dimer emulsion sizes can be appHed to the surface of paper and provide very efficient sizing. Used by themselves, these sizing agents can provide a sHppery surface consequendy, they often are used in conjunction with starch or some filler which reduces sHppetiness without detracting from sizing efficiency. 

Cationic starches will have an increasing importance in papermaking with the revived interest in alkaline sizing of paper. Systems using the alkaline sizing agents. 

Potato starch is used in the textile industry for sizing cotton, worsted, and spun rayon warps (Steams et al., 1994). In the sizing process, a film of the sizing agent is applied to the textile yam... 

Huizenga, R., Mantingh, J., Pomp-De Wit, F., (1998). Amylopectin potato starch products as sizing agents for textile yarns. World Intellectual Property Organization, International Patent Applieation PCT/NL98/00063. 

The performance and quality of starch can be improved through chemical modification (see Chapter 17). Chemical modifications provide processed foods, such as frozen, instant, dehydrated, encapsulated and heat-and-serve products, the appropriate texture, quality and shelf life (see Chapter 21), and improved processing condition tolerance, such as improved heat, shear and acid stability. Modification also allows starches to be used in the paper industry (see Chapter 19) as wet-end additives, sizing agents, coating binders, and adhesives and as textile sizes. 

To determine quantitatively the rate of deslzlng of various sizing agents, the test procedure used on a laboratory scale was to pour enough starch solution on to evaporation dishes so that 0,2 to 1.0 g of dried size remained after evaporation of the water. Less than 0.2 g did not provide sufficient accuracy) more than 0.7 g resulted in a thick deposit that caused portions of film to break and flake off in pieces. With enzyme-degraded starch, which had less adhesive characteristics, a fine mesh metal screen was placed on the evaporation dish to serve as a binding agent. 

Starch and Dextrins. Starch is a readily available mixture of polysaccharides. Starchy foods have been an important component of the human diet from prehistoric times to the present day. It is not surprising, therefore, that very practical uses for starch products developed very early and have continued throughout human history. Today, starch has a number of applications not only in the food industry but in other industries as well. In addition to its use in food, starch is also a source of chemicals (41) and sweeteners (42) and is used extensively in the paper industry (43-45) as a sizing agent and an adhesive. 

T-C 9180 Compound is used in combination with starch, compounds and/or wax as a sizing agent for cotton and staple fiber yarns. The product has outstanding film forming and adhesive properties along with uniform penetration of the yarn to give good elasticity and smoothness. 

Silver nanoparticles have also been prepared in aqueous solution using Capsicum annum L. extract. It is thought in this example that Ag(i) is reduced to Ag(0) by proteins within the natural extract and that these proteins also act to stabilize the particles. The size of the nanoparticles was found to increase with reaction time 5 h, 10 2 nm 9 h, 25 3 nm 13 h, 40 5 nm. It should be noted that gold and silver nanoparticles have potential pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, and it is therefore highly desirable to use natural stabilizing agents (starch, glucose or plant extracts) and biocompatible solvents such as water. 

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