Site-directed and random

Genetic modifications by site-directed and random mutagenesis have been proven with peroxidases, obtaining in both cases interesting results, although in most of the reported cases, these studies are made to understand the relationship between structure and mechanism and not to enhance the catalytic functions for biotechnological applications [115-117],... 

Lessons from these results are that carbohydrate processing enzymes can be optimized by site-directed and random mutagenesis in a more rational way for the production of tailored oligo- and polysaccharides under various aspects, also including up- and downstream processing for industrial purposes. 

Zhang, J. and A. E. G. Cass, 2006. Kinetic study of site directed and randomly immobilized his-tag alkaline phosphatase by flow injection chemiluminescence. /. Mol. Recognit. 19 243-246. 

Protein engineering is now routinely used to modify protein molecules either via site-directed mutagenesis or by combinatorial methods. Factors that are Important for the stability of proteins have been studied, such as stabilization of a helices and reducing the number of conformations in the unfolded state. Combinatorial methods produce a large number of random mutants from which those with the desired properties are selected in vitro using phage display. Specific enzyme inhibitors, increased enzymatic activity and agonists of receptor molecules are examples of successful use of this method. 

Chen, L. H., and Baldwin, T. O. (1989). Random and site-directed mutagenesis of bacterial luciferase investigation of the aldehyde binding site. Biochemistry 28 2684—2689. 

During the last decade, significant advancements in biochemistry, molecular cloning, and random and site-directed mutagenesis, directed evolution of biocatalysts, metabolic engineering and fermentation technology have led us to devise methods to circumvent the disadvantages of whole-cell biotransformation discussed in Section 10.2. The applications of these methods are summarized in this section. 

Here we have demonstrated that nature of the oligosaccharide product and the glyco-sidic linkage specificity of glucansucrases can be modified by site-directed/random... 

We wish to conclude with a simple kinetic model that is compatible with the above picture and is based on the theory of continu um Zip-reactions (46,47). Let us assume random initiation at sites distributed at random along a chain followed by zip in both directions with speed v. If we denote by p the linear density of such... 

Aside from these relatively direct applications of site-directed mutagenesis, combination of recombinant DNA techniques with other experimental strategies will no doubt prove to be of increasing importance. If the gene of interest can be expressed with sufficient efficiency in auxotrophs, then proteins in which selected amino acids are isotopically enriched [12] may be produced to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of magnetic resonance techniques. Alternatively, amino acid analogues that are recognized as substrates by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases may be incorporated randomly in place of the true substrate amino... 

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