Sinuses through

The posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobe and portions of the medial and inferior temporal lobe. The arterial supply of the spinal cord is derived from the vertebral arteries and the radicular arteries. The brain is supplied by the internal carotid arteries (the anterior circulation) and the vertebral arteries, which join at the pon tomedullary junction to form the basilar artery (collectively termed the posterior circulation). The brainstem is supplied by the posterior system. The medulla receives blood from branches of the vertebral arteries as well as from the spinal arteries and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The pons is supplied by paramedian and short circumferential branches of the basilar artery. Two major long circumferential branches are the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and the superior cerebellar artery. The midbrain receives its arterial supply primarily from the posterior cerebral artery as well as from the basilar artery. The venous drainage of the spinal cord drains directly to the systemic circulation. By contrast, veins draining the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem drain into the dural sinuses. Cerebrospinal fluid also drains into the dural sinuses through unidirectional valves termed arachnoid villi. 

Both coils are constructed in the same way, geometry and number of windings are equal. A permanent sinus current flows through these coils and excites an electromagnetic field around each coils. 

The sinus rhythm is the heart rhythm in which the sinus node generates an electrical impulse that travels through specialized cells (that form a conduction system) and leads to a ventricular contraction. 

Blood flowing from the intestines to the liver through the hepatic portal vein often contains bacteria. Filtration of this blood is a protective function provided by the liver. Large phagocytic macrophages, referred to as Kupffer cells, line the hepatic venous sinuses. As the blood flows through these sinuses, bacteria are rapidly taken up and digested by the Kupffer cells. This system is very efficient and removes more than 99% of the bacteria from the hepatic portal blood. 

The exit of drugs from the CNS can involve (1) diffusion across the blood-brain barrier in the reverse direction at rates determined by the lipid solubility and degree of ionization of the drug, (2) drainage from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSP) into the dural blood sinuses by flowing through the wide channels of the arachnoid villi, and (2) active transport of certain organic anions and cations from the CSF to blood across the choroid plexuses... 

The respiratory system is divided into two areas the upper and the lower respiratory system. The upper respiratory system is composed of the nose, sinuses, mouth, pharynx (section between the mouth and esophagus), larynx (the voice box), and the trachea or windpipe. The lower respiratory system is composed of the lungs and its smaller structures, including the bronchi and the alveoli. The bronchial tubes carry fresh air from the trachea through a series of branching tubes to the alveoli. The alveoli are small blind air sacs where the gas exchange with the blood occurs. An estimated 300 million alveoli are found in a normal lung. These alveoli contribute a total surface area of approximately 70 m2. Small capillaries found in the walls of the alveoli transport the blood an estimated 100 ml of blood is in the capillaries at any moment. 

Davis, M., and D Aquilla, R. (1976) Acute intravenous infusion in freely moving rats through the sagittal and transverse sinuses. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 4 469-472. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., his mother said, lay desperately ill in Massachusetts General Hospital. The doctors thought he might be dying. An infection in his throat had spread to his sinuses and was now, carried through his blood, engulfing his body. 

Controversy as to whether nickel carbonyl causes cancer arose from observation of increased incidence of cancer of the paranasal sinuses and lungs of workers in nickel refineries. Suspicion of carcinogenicity focused primarily on nickel carbonyl vapor, although there were concurrent exposures to respirable particles of nickel, nickel subsulfide, and nickel oxide. Subsequent studies have shown an increased risk of lung and sinus cancer in nickel refineries where nickel carbonyl was not used in the process. Furthermore, the incidence of respiratory cancer decreased greatly by 1930 despite continued exposure of workers to the same levels of nickel carbonyl through 1957. 

Acute bacterial sinusitis 10 mg/kg oral suspension once daily for 3 days. Community-acquired pneumonia mg/kg oral suspension as a single dose on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg on days 2 through 5. 

Infections of the external eye can be caused by viruses and by bacteria from the respiratory tract such as pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Infections of the internal eye can be caused by the same bacteria through spread from a corneal (traumatic) ulcer or by S. aureus. The same pathogens are responsible for periorbital spread in severe sinusitis. Treponema pallidum, CMV and Toxoplasma cause intra-ocular infections. 

Mechanism of Action A cardiac agent that slows impulse formation in the SA node and conduction time through the AV node. Adenosine also acts as a diagnostic aid in myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography. Therapeutic Effect Depresses left ventricular function and restores normal sinus rhythm. 

Comealulcer Ophthalmic Days l-3 Instill 1-2 drops qSOmin to 2 hours while awake and 4-6 hours after retiring. Days 4 through completion 1 -2 drops q 1 -4h while awake. Dosaye in renal impairment For bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and skin and skin-structure infections, dosage and frequency are modified based on creatinine clearance. 

Inhaled anesthetics change heart rate either directly by altering the rate of sinus node depolarization or indirectly by shifting the balance of autonomic nervous system activity. Bradycardia is often seen with halothane, probably through vagal stimulation. In contrast, enflurane, and sevoflurane have little effect, and both desflurane and isoflurane increase heart rate. In the case of desflurane, cardiovascular responses include a transient sympathetic activation that can lead to marked increases in heart rate and blood pressure when high inspired gas concentrations are administered. 

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