Single-component analysis

The classical multivariate calibration represents the transition of common single component analysis from one dependent variable y (measured value) to m dependent variables (e.g., wavelengths or sensors) which can be simultaneously included in the calibration model. The classical linear calibration (Danzer and Currie [1998] Danzer et al. [2004]) is therefore represented by the generalized matrix relation... 

Neural networks are applied in analytical chemistry in many and diverse ways. Used in calibration, ANNs have especially advantages in case of nonlinear relationships, multicomponent systems and single component analysis in case of various disturbances. 

On the other hand, specificity refers to single component analysis and means that the one individual analyte can be undisturbedly measured in a real sample by a specific reagent, a particular sensor or a comparable measuring system (e.g., measurement of emitted or absorbed radiation at a fixed wavelength). 

X Selectivity should not be merged with specificity selectivity relates to multicomponent analysis and specificity to single component analysis... 

FIA has also found wide application in pharmaceutical analysis.214,215 Direct UV detection of active ingredients is the most popular pharmaceutical analysis application of FIA. For single component analysis of samples with little matrix interference such as dissolution and content uniformity of conventional dosage forms, many pharmaceutical chemists simply replace a column with suitable tubing between the injector and the detector to run FIA on standard HPLC instrumentation. When direct UV detection offers inadequate selectivity, simple online reaction schemes with more specific reagents including chemical, photochemical, and enzymatic reactions of derivatization are applied for flow injection determination of pharmaceuticals.216... 

A method of quantitatively determining 0.2% polyvinyl acetate in polystyrene has been described by Peitscher (1979) by using difference spectroscopy. Quantitative single component analysis of polymer films has been described by Chalmers et al. (1982). All samples were prepared by hot compression molding. This treatment produces a mat film surface, which suppresses interference fringes in the IR spectrum. For quantitative analysis it is essential that the thus produced films are homogeneous, of uniform thickness, and free of bubbles and irregularities. A clear section of each was chosen for the measurements. 

Comparison of binding to a NIP This technique is commonly used to estimate the imprinting effect and has the benefit of allowing the effect to be estimated based on single component analysis.6,24,30 This in turn allows nonselective quantification techniques to be used such as simple readings of UV-absorbances, emission intensities, or scintillation. The validity of this approach assumes, however, that the NIP is truly... 

The intensities of the bands in pure components and in mixtures are proportional to the concentrations of the components. The relation between measured intensities and concentration is expressed in the Lambert—Beer law (Eq. (11)). Thus it is possible to carry out quantitative investigations by methods based on band heights or preferably by methods based on integrated intensities. Both single component analysis and multicomponent analysis by multivariate methods (see Chapter 13) can be performed. 

Statistical information derived from spectral averaging represents an additional benefit. Calculation of standard deviation for each data point can be used to detect bad results or to select the optimum wavelength for a single-component analysis. Statistic information is also of particular importance in curve-fitting multicomponent analysis. 

A resonance in the scattering spectrum. In searching for possible connections between the anomalies observed in the pseudogap state (table 1), it may be instructive to perform one more step in the single-component analysis of the optical conductivity, that is, to extract the frequency dependence of A(Q) from the experimental data. While it is diffieult to... 

Verlaek et al. [50] have examined additives in LDPE by means of both UV and mid-IR absorption spectroscopy in film and melt samples. For the measurements a 14 mL-volume mini-extmder was used equipped with a melt-cell provided with optical channels for both UV and mid-IR measurements. UV measurements were carried out with fibre optic coupling mid-IR was performed in transmission. Single-component analysis with UV absorption on LDPE melt gave excellent results for Chi-massorb 944, Irganox 1010/1076 and Irgafos 168, all with a Standard Error of Prediction (SEP), i.e. 

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