Single cell oil

Patnayak, S. and Sree, A. (2005). Screening of bacterial associates of marine sponges for single cell oil and PUFA. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 40,358-363. 

Nagao, T., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, T., Sumida, M., Kishimoto, N., Fujita, T., and Shimada, Y. 2007. Enzymatic purification of dihomo-y-linolenic acid from Mortier-ella single-cell oil. J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym., 44,14-19. 

Kyle, D. J. 1997. Production and use of single cell oil highly enriched in arachidonic acid. Fipid Technol., 9,116-121. 

Certik, M., and Shimizu, S. 1999b. Production and application of single cell oils. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech., 10, 26-32. 

Ratledge, C. 2004. Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for single cell oils. Biochimie, 86, 807-815. 

Initial Ventures Into Single Cell Oil Production... 

C. Ratledge, in D. J. Kyle and C. Ratledge, eds.. Industrial Applications of Single Cell Oils, American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, Illinois, 1992, pp. 1-15. 

Kyle, D. (2001) The large-scale production and use of a single-cell oil highly enriched in docosahexaenoic acid. In Omega-3 Fatty Acids Chemistry, Nutrition and Health Effects. (Shahidi, F. and Finley, J.W., eds.) Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society, Oxford University Press, pp. 92-107. 

Eicosapenaenoic (EPA) 20 5-5c, 8c, 11c, 14c, 17c Fish oils single-cell oils (5-20%)... 

Muniglia, L., Kiss, L.N., Fonteix, C., and Marc, I. (2004). Multicriteria optimization of a single-cell oil production, European J. Oper. Research, 153, 2, 360-369. 

A6-desaturase genes allowed the conversion of endogenous oleic acid (OA A9-18 l) to LA by the A12-desaturase, and the newly synthesized LA was then A6-desaturated to form GLA. This result indicates that single-cell oils (SCOs) from edible yeasts could be another substitute for more expensive plant oils. 

Papanikolaou, S., Komaitis, M., and Aggelis, G., Single cell oil (SCO) production by Mortierella isabellina grown on high-sugar content media. Bioresource Technol. 2004, 95, 287-291. 

A single-cell oil containing arachidonic acid (AA) underwent ethanolysis with 20 mol EtOH for total FAs in the oil using immobilized C. antarctica lipase... 

Evaluation of Safety and Dose Response of Tissue Docosahexaenoate/Arachidonate in Piglets Eed Formula Supplemented with Single-Cell Oils Meng-Chuan Huang, Angela Chueh Chao, Carolyn Tschanz, and J. Thomas Brenna... 

Various sources of LC-PUFA for infant formula supplementation are available. They include fish oil, egg phospholipids, and single-cell oil. DHA is available primarily from the marine food chain, i.e., marine fish, shellfish, and algae. Although fish oil is the most readily available source of DHA, it has an undesirably high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 5n-3) level, which may interfere with AA status and growth (6). Consequently, the addition of both DHA and AA to infant formulas has been recommended. Egg phospholipid is another dietary source for DHA and AA. Direct addition of egg yolk to formula may produce phospholipid levels far greater than levels found in breast milk. However, a tracer experiment has demonstrated that DHA and AA are better absorbed in phosphoUpid form than in the triacylglyc-eride form found in breast milk and other LC-PUFA sources (7). 

Diets. Bovine-based nonfat powdered milk was purchased from Pet-Ag (Hampshire, IL). Fat blends which constituted 47% of total dietary energy were composed of a base fat free of LC-PUFA (currently used in Enfanul, Mead-Johnson Nutri-tionals, Evansville, IN) and of LC-PUFA fats derived from DHA and AA single-cell oils (DHASCO and ARASCO). They were mixed together initially at a DHA/AA ratio of 1 2. Specific amounts of this LC-PUFA mixture were then incorporated into the base fat to obtain DHA and AA levels corresponding to 1 (Diet 1), 2 (Diet 2) and 5 (Diet 5) times the amount provided in term infant formulas in the United States. Diet 0 was the control formula it contained only the base fat and was free of LC-PUFA. Amounts of DHA/AA in Diets 1,2 and 5 were 17 mg/34 mg, 34 mg/68 mg and 85 mg/170 mg per 100 kcal, respectively. The fatty acid composition of the four formulas is presented in Figure 1. 

Almost all studies assessing the safety of single-cell oils in infant formulas have used rodents (9-11,17,18). However, neonatal pigs are probably more suitable for evaluating human perinatal lipid nutrition (19) because the perinatal brain growth... 

Boswell, K., Koskelo, E.K., and Carl, L. (1996) Preclinical Evaluation of Single-Cell Oils That Are Highly Enriched with Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid, Food Chem. Toxicol. 34,585-593. 

Arterburn,L.M., Boswell, K.D., Henwood,SM., and Kyle, D.J. (2000) A Developmental Safety Study in Rats Using DHA- and ARA-Rich Single-Cell Oils, Food Chem. Toxicol. 35.763-771. 

Abbreviations SUNTGA, high arachidonic acid oil DHASCO, high docosahexaenoic acid single cell oil FA, fatty acids TAG, triacyl-glycerol EE, ethyl ester. 

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