Simple ignition test

Simple Ignition Test. The proposed tests for combustible materials may need to be supplemented by a simple ignition test, involving contact of a small flame in the absence of any impressed irradiance. Some of these tests are already used in the Member States, in particular Germany and Italy (see Figure 6). Such a test could be used as an additional test or a screening test. 

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The Consumer Safety Regulations 1988 regulations were recently published for domestic furniture and mattresses. These are a complex series of relatively simple ignition tests designed to restrict the use of easily ignitable fabrics and infill materials. The 1988 regulations replace the earlier regulations of 1980 and 1983. 

None of the unknowns to be issued for this experiment will be simple aromatic hydrocarbons. All aromatic compounds will have a principal functional group as a part of their structure. Nevertheless, in many cases it will be useful to be able to recognize the presence of an aromatic ring. Although infrared and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy provide the most reliable methods of determining aromatic compounds, often they can be detected by a simple ignition test. 

In an ideal situation the parameters used to define furniture should be ignition resistance and the rate of generation of heat, smoke and toxic gases. Tests to do this with actual or mock-up full sized furniture are not yet available as final specifications but the Nordtest (28) and NBS furniture calorimeters (29) represent scientific methods while room/ corridor rigs, typically UK DOE PSA FR5 and 6 of 1976 (5) (6) were originally used but are less satisfactory from a scientific point of view. The Californian (30) and Boston tests (31) for public area furniture are essentially simple room tests and are similar in principle to DOE, PSA, FR5 and 6 although the latter do not have pass/fail criteria. Bench scale rate of heat release tests include the NBS cone (29) which, with a code of practice represent a possible alternative but the rate of burning of... 

Contact with metal oxides increases the sensitivity of nitromethane, nitroethane and 1-nitropropane to heat (and of nitromethane to detonation). Twenty-four oxides were examined in a simple quantitative test, and a mechanism was proposed. Cobalt, nickel, chromium, lead and silver oxides were the most effective in lowering ignition temperatures [1]. At 39 bar initial pressure, the catalytic decomposition by chromium or iron oxides becomes explosive at above 245° C [2],... 

Heat of combustion, thermal conductivity, surface area and other factors influencing pyrophoricity of aluminium, cobalt, iron, magnesium and nickel powders are discussed [4], The relationship between heat of formation of the metal oxide and particle size of metals in pyrophoric powders is discussed for several metals and alloys including copper [5], Further work on the relationship of surface area and ignition temperature for copper, manganese and silicon [6], and for iron and titanium [7] was reported. The latter also includes a simple calorimetric test to determine ignition temperature. 

The conventional approach to asphalt analysis has been to extract the bitumen with an organic solvent and then to characterize bitumen and minerals separately. Sulfur content and melting point are commonly measured properties of bitumen. Minerals are generally screened and then subjected to simple quantitative tests. Measurement of weight loss on ignition helps to distinguish between calcium carbonate, which loses... 

B) Fractional Distillation of an Ethanol-Water Mixture. Place the 50 mL of distillate from the simple distillation experiment in a 100-mL round-bottomed flask, add one or two boiling chips, and assemble the apparatus for fractional distillation. Follow the procedure (above) for the fractional distillation of a cyclohexane-toluene mixture. Repeat the ignition test. Is any difference noted ... 

In order to understand the behavior of composite propellants during motor ignition, we conducted a study of the mechanical and ultimate properties of a propellant filled with hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene under imposed hydrostatic pressure. The mechanical response of the propellant was examined by uniaxial tensile and simple shear tests at various temperatures, strain rates, and superimposed pressures from atmospheric pressure to 15 MPa. The experimentally observed ultimate properties were strongly pressure-sensitive. The data were formalized in a specific stress-failure criterion. 

The aim of this work is to provide both experimental information and a corresponding formalization in order to elucidate structural propellant grain safety during ignition. The experimental data were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests and simple shear tests performed with an imposed hydrostatic pressure varying from atmospheric pressure to 15 MPa. It is well established that the materials studied exhibit time-temperature and pressure-sensitive properties. The ultimate properties reported here are formalized in a proposed stress-failure criterion capable of including the pressure effect. 

Simple preliminary tests Beilstein, ignition (combustion)... 

Frequently, the identification of an unknown plastic can be made on the basis of simple physical tests such as solubility in solvents, odours produced on ignition, etc. Such tests will be discussed in as much as they provide a simple practical means of identification. In Chapter 6 the principles of infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis - gas chromatography will be discussed and infrared and pyrograms presented for a wide range... 

From the heat generation alone the maximum tolerable temperature difference between catalyst and gas can be evaluated, as will be shown in a later chapter. This is never done in pollution control catalyst testing. Due to the simple conditions at very low concentration, the Ignition Curve can be evaluated for first order kinetics. 

Sentinel holes are used as a simple form of thickness testing. A small hole of about I - 6 mm diameter is drilled from the outer wall of the piece of equipment to within a distance from the inner wall (in contact with the corrodent) equal to the corrosion allowance on the equipment (Fig. 9.11). The technique has been used even in cases where the corrodent spontaneously ignites on contact with the atmosphere. The philosophy is that it is better to have a little fire than a big one which would follow a major leak from corrosion through the wall. When the sentinel hole begins to weep fluid a tapered plug is hammered into the hole and remedial maintenance planned. Siting the sentinel holes is somewhat speculative although erosion at the outside of a pipe bend is often monitored in this way. 

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