Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV

The natural killer cells (NK) are the host s primary innate immune responders against viral infections. Studies have shown morphine to suppress the cytolytic activity of NK cells (Shavit et al. 2004). In vivo studies carried out in the Indian rhesus macaques looked at chronic morphine administration and SIV the equivalent of HIV in apes. This group concluded that morphine contributed to the pathogenesis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection and that this contribution occurred in conjunction with the replication of viral proteins including Tat (Noel and Kumar 2006 Noel et al. 2006). 

Evidence suggests that HIV in humans is the result of cross-species transmission from primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). HIV-2 is closely related to the SIV found in sooty mangabeys in West Africa, and HIV-1 is similar to the SIV found in chimpanzees. The earliest known human HIV infection was in central Africa in 1959. Cultural practices such as the preparation and eating of bush-meat, or keeping primates as pets, may have allowed the virus to transmit from animal to human. The rapid spread of the virus throughout the world can be primarily attributed to high mobility due to modern transportation, sexual promiscuity, and drug abuse. 

Much of the pre-clinical data generated with regard to these vaccines entailed the use of one of two animal model systems simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaque monkeys and HIV infection of chimpanzees. Most of the positive results observed in such systems have been in association with the chimp/HIV model. However, no such system can replace actual testing in humans. 

The origin of HTV is of considerable interest. The accumulated evidence suggests that HIV in humans was the result of a cross-species transmission (zoonosis) from primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Phylogenetic and geographic relationships suggest that HIV-2 arose from SIV that infects sooty mangabeys. The... 

CD45R-t), basophils, and eosinophils inhibits some strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)... 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)... 

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