Silybum

Marien-bad, n. water bath, -distel, /. milk thistle (Silybum marianum). -glas, n. selenite (ruasisches) mica. -kSfer, m. ladybird. -kSmer, n.pl. milk-thistle seed. 

The flavonoid content of the tinctures of Calendula officinalis L., Passiflora incarnata L and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. was investigated by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. The anti-inflammatory effect, and the beneficial influence to treat hepatic injuries, tension... 

Saint Mary s thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds spirulina, lentil... 

Hammouda FM, Ismail SI, Hassan NM, Zaki AK, Kamel A. Evaluation of the silymarin content in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. cultivated under different agricultural conditions. Phytother Res 1993 7 90-91. 

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is an annual to biennial plant of the Aster-aceae family. It is native principally to southern Europe and northern Africa. The crude drug consists of the ripe fruits from which the pappus has been removed. Milk thistle fruits contain 15% to 30% proteins. The main active compounds constitute only about 2% to 3% of the dried fruits. The active principle is a mixture of flavolignans called silymarin. Silymarin, a polyphenolic extract isolated from the seeds of milk thistle, is composed mainly of silybin (50 70%), with small amounts of other silybin structural isomers, namely isosilybin, silydianin, and silychristin (Fig. 11) (123-125). The highest concentration of silymarin is found in the ripe fruits (126). Silibinin is the main compound, also considered to be the most active one in several paradigms (127). 

Arnone A, Merlini L, Zanarotti A. Constituents of Silybum marianum. Structure of isosilybin and stereochemistry of isosilybin. J Chem Soc (Chem Commun) 1979 5 696-697. 

Pelter A, Haensel R. The structure of silybib (Silybum substance Eg), the first flavonolignan. Tetrahedron Lett 1969 25 2911-2916. 

Wagner H, Seligman O, Seilz M, Abraham D, Sonnenbichler J. Silydanin und Silychristin, zwei isomere Silymarine aus Silybum marianum. Z Naturforsch 1976 31b 876-884. 

Quaglia MG, Bossu E, Donati E, Mazzanti G, Brandt A. Determination of silymarine in the extract from the dried Silybum marianum fruits by high... 

Leng-Peschlow E, Strenge-Hesse A. Die Mariendistel (Silybum marianuni) und Silymarin als Lebertherapeutikum. Z Phytother 1991 12 162-174. 

Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoter-apia 1995 66 3-42. 

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Shui Fei Ji (fruit) Silybin, silymarin, silydiamin, silyckristin, dehydrosilybin, silybinomer.33 Maintain normal functioning of the liver, promote the regeneration of injured hepatic cells, increase glycogenesis and nucleic acid metabolism. 

Omer, E. A., A. M. Refaat, S. S. Ahmed, A. Kamel, and F. M. Hammouda. 1993. Effect of spacing and fertilization on the yield and active constituents of milk thistle, Silybum marianum. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants 1 17-23. 

Szentimihalyi, ., M. Then, V. Hies, S. Pemeczky, Z. Sandor, B. Lakatos, and P. Vinkler. 1998. Phytochemical examination of oils obtained from the fruit of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner) by suercritical fluid extraction. Z. Naturfor-sch. Sec. C Biosci. 53 9-10, 779-784. 

M. rotundifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Pyrola rotundifolia, Spiraea ulmaria, Silybum marianum Ailanthus glandulosa, Populus alba Ferula assa-foetida... 

P. chinensis, Pyrethrum, cinerariifolium Pogostemon cablin Ferula assa-foetida Euphorbia hirta Perilla frutescens Zingiber officinale Silybum marianum Equisetum arvense, E. hyemale... 

Equisetum hyemale, E. arvense, Polygonum aviculare, P. viviparum, P. multifolrum, Trifolium pratense Silybum marianum Carduus marianus... 

A number of medicinal plants including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Silybum marianum, Picrorrhiza kurroa and Artemisia capillar is have been traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis. These plants contain various compounds with unique structures such as alkaloids, terpenoids and polyphenols. To study the hepatoprotective phytoconstituents of medicinal plants is of value to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use. Additionally, the active constituents could be used as pharmacological tools for the study of the mechanisms underlying liver disease or as lead compounds for the development of new drugs for hepatitis. In fact,... 

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