Silybum marianum Silymarin

Silymarin is a flavonol- lignan mixture obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum. Silymarin is a mixture of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and silydianin. Silybin A and B are collectively known as silibinin. Silymarin is a reputed hepatoprotective drug. 

Hammouda FM, Ismail SI, Hassan NM, Zaki AK, Kamel A. Evaluation of the silymarin content in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. cultivated under different agricultural conditions. Phytother Res 1993 7 90-91. 

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is an annual to biennial plant of the Aster-aceae family. It is native principally to southern Europe and northern Africa. The crude drug consists of the ripe fruits from which the pappus has been removed. Milk thistle fruits contain 15% to 30% proteins. The main active compounds constitute only about 2% to 3% of the dried fruits. The active principle is a mixture of flavolignans called silymarin. Silymarin, a polyphenolic extract isolated from the seeds of milk thistle, is composed mainly of silybin (50 70%), with small amounts of other silybin structural isomers, namely isosilybin, silydianin, and silychristin (Fig. 11) (123-125). The highest concentration of silymarin is found in the ripe fruits (126). Silibinin is the main compound, also considered to be the most active one in several paradigms (127). 

Wagner H, Seligman O, Seilz M, Abraham D, Sonnenbichler J. Silydanin und Silychristin, zwei isomere Silymarine aus Silybum marianum. Z Naturforsch 1976 31b 876-884. 

Quaglia MG, Bossu E, Donati E, Mazzanti G, Brandt A. Determination of silymarine in the extract from the dried Silybum marianum fruits by high... 

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Shui Fei Ji (fruit) Silybin, silymarin, silydiamin, silyckristin, dehydrosilybin, silybinomer.33 Maintain normal functioning of the liver, promote the regeneration of injured hepatic cells, increase glycogenesis and nucleic acid metabolism. 

Semi-synthetic from antihepatoxic Silvbin (Silymarin) from Silybum marianum (Asteraceae)... 

Wagner H, Seligmann O, Horhammer L, Seitz M (1971) Zur Struktur von Silychristin einem zweiten Silymarin-Isomeren aus Silybum marianum. Tetrahedron Lett 22 1895... 

Quercetin and other flavonoids are effective inhibitors of 02 -production by cells. Quercetin is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil degranulation and 02 -production, and also inhibits the phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins accompanying neutrophil activation by phorbol myristate acetate. Quercetin can also suppress lipid peroxidation in several biological systems, such as mitochondria, microsomes, chloro-plasts, and erythrocytes. Silymarin, a 3-OH flavone present in Silybum marianum (the European milk thistle), protects rat liver mitochondria and microsomes from lipid peroxide formation induced by Fe " "-ascorbate and NADPH-Fe -ADP systems. Soybean isoflavonoids have shown antioxidative potency... 

Silybum marianum (holy thistle, lady s thistle, milk thistle, St. Mary s thistle) has been used to treat hver problems, such as hepatitis, and prostatic cancer. It contains a variety of lignans, including sUandrin, silybin, silychristin, sUydianin, silymarin, and sUymonin. 

Phytotherapy Research (United Kingdom), 1996, 10/SUPPL. 1 (S25-S26) Properties and medieal use of flavonolignans (Silymarin) from Silybum marianum. Kersey RG, Vanee NC, Taxol and cephaomanine from Taxus baccata needles.In JNP59[2] 117-123.1996. 

As shown by Alarcon de la Lastra et al. [100] using a model of gastric injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats, pretreatment with silymarin, the hepatoprotective principle of Silybum marianum L. prevented post-ischemic injury. These protective effects were specifically related to reduction of MPO activity as index of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration after injury. These findings indicated that inhibitory effects of silymarin on neutrophil function seem to contribute significantly to its gastroprotective actions. 

Sanchez-Sampedro, M.A., Femandez-Tarrango, J., and Corchete, P. Yeast extract and methyl jasmonate-induced silymarin production in cell cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. J. Biotechnol. 119, 60-69, 2005. 

Nature Milk thistle is derived from the fruit and seeds of Silybum marianum, which contain flavonolignans such as silymarin. 

Hahn, G., H.D. Lehmann, M. Kurten, H. Uebel, and G. Vogel. 1968. On the pharmacology and toxicology of silymarin, an antihepatotoxic active principle from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Arzneimittelforschung 18(6) 698-704. In Mills, S., and K. Bone. 2005. The essential guide to herbal safety. St. Louis Elsevier. 

Huseini, H.F., B. Larijani, R. Heshmat, et al. 2006. The efficacy of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) in the treatment of t)fpe 11 diabetes A randomized, double-blind, placebo-con-troU, clinical trial. Phytother. Res. 20(12) 1036-1039. 

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