Silybum marianum Silybin

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is an annual to biennial plant of the Aster-aceae family. It is native principally to southern Europe and northern Africa. The crude drug consists of the ripe fruits from which the pappus has been removed. Milk thistle fruits contain 15% to 30% proteins. The main active compounds constitute only about 2% to 3% of the dried fruits. The active principle is a mixture of flavolignans called silymarin. Silymarin, a polyphenolic extract isolated from the seeds of milk thistle, is composed mainly of silybin (50 70%), with small amounts of other silybin structural isomers, namely isosilybin, silydianin, and silychristin (Fig. 11) (123-125). The highest concentration of silymarin is found in the ripe fruits (126). Silibinin is the main compound, also considered to be the most active one in several paradigms (127). 

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Shui Fei Ji (fruit) Silybin, silymarin, silydiamin, silyckristin, dehydrosilybin, silybinomer.33 Maintain normal functioning of the liver, promote the regeneration of injured hepatic cells, increase glycogenesis and nucleic acid metabolism. 

Amone A, Merlini L, Zanarotti A (1979) Constituents of Silybum marianum. Structure of Isosilybin and Stereochemistry of Silybin. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 696... 

Kim NC, Graf TN, Sparacino CM, Wani MC, Wall ME (2003) Complete Isolation and Characterisation of Silybins and Isosilybins from Milk Thistle Silybum marianum). Org Biomol Chem 1 1684... 

Kubisch J, Sedmera P, Halada P, Gazak R, Skottova N, Simanek V, Kren V (2001) Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Gligoglycosides of Silybin, the Flavonolignan from Silybum marianum. Heterocycles 53 901... 

Silybum marianum (holy thistle, lady s thistle, milk thistle, St. Mary s thistle) has been used to treat hver problems, such as hepatitis, and prostatic cancer. It contains a variety of lignans, including sUandrin, silybin, silychristin, sUydianin, silymarin, and sUymonin. 

Some flavonoid glycosides are prepared s)mthetically or by biotransformations, usually for pharmaceutical purposes. Silybin (7) is a flavonolignan that is extracted from seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and it is used extensively as a potent hepatoprotectant and an antidote in mushroom poisoning. The major drawback of this compound is its low water solubility (about 0.43 g/L). Therefore, its glycosylation was accomplished by biological [13] and chemical methods [14]. 

Silymarin is a flavonol- lignan mixture obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum. Silymarin is a mixture of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and silydianin. Silybin A and B are collectively known as silibinin. Silymarin is a reputed hepatoprotective drug. 

Ciirdui mariae fructus Mi.lk-thistle fruits Silybum marianum GAERTNER Asteraceae DAB 10, MD 1.5%-3% Flavanolignans silybin, siiychristin, silydianin and 23-deh ydro derivat 1 ves Flavanonol taxifoliii... 

Silybin is a potent hepatoprotective herbal medicine which is isolated from the plant Silybum marianum, but oral absorption of silybin is very poor (< 30%) as compared to parental root. Formulation of silybin liposome increases the absorption more than 60% (26). 

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