Toxicity silver

Riggle PJ, CA Kumamoto (2000) Role of a Candida albicans Pl-type ATPase in resistance to copper and silver toxicity. J Bacteriol 182 4899-4905. 

Bury, N.R., F. Galvez, and C.M. Wood. 1999a. Effects of chloride, calcium, and dissolved organic carbon on silver toxicity comparison between rainbow trout and fathead minnows. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18 56-62. 

Call, D.J., C.N. Polkinghome, T.P. Markee, L.T. Brooke, D.L. Geiger, J.W. Gorsuch, and K.A. Robillard. 1999. Silver toxicity to Chironomus tentans in two freshwater sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18 30-39. 

Coleman, R.L. and J.E. Cearley. 1974. Silver toxicity and accumulation in largemouth bass and bluegill. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12 53-61. 

Ferguson, E.A. and C. Hogstrand. 1998. Acute silver toxicity to seawater-acclimated rainbow trout influence of salinity on toxicity and silver speciation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 589-593. 

Karen, D.J., D.R. Ownby, B.L. Forsythe, T.P. Bills, T.W. La Point, G.B. Cobb, and SJ. Klaine. 1999. Influence of water quality on silver toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), and water fleas (Daphnia magnet). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18 63-70. 

Wood, C.M., C. Hogstrand, F. Galvez, and R.S. Munger. 1996a. The physiology of waterborne silver toxicity in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1. The effects of ionic Ag+. Aquat. Toxicol. 35 93-109. 

Silver and its compounds have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine. The mechanisms of silver toxicity as they relate to human exposure to pharmaceuticals have been reviewed (328). Silver is active at low concentrations and has a low toxicity. The practice of instilling the eyes of infants with 1% of AgN03 solution immediately after birth is still common in some countries, for prevention of opthalmia neonatorum (329). Silver sulfadiazine 77 is clinically used as a topical antimicrobial and antifungal agent and applied as a cream to prevent bacterial infections in cases of severe burns. It is an insoluble polymeric compound and releases Ag(I) ions slowly. 

No studies were located regarding hematological effects in animals following inhalation exposure to silver or silver compounds. Despite the lack of supportive animal data, occupational exposure findings suggest that hematological effects are not a sensitive indicator of silver toxicity. 

Wagner PA, Hoekstra WG, Ganther FIE. 1975. Alleviation of silver toxicity by selenite in the rat in relation to tissue glutathione peroxidase. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 148 1106-1110. 

Bury, N.R., Shaw, J., Glover, C. and Elogstrand, C. (2002) Derivation of a toxicity-based model to predict how water chemistry influences silver toxicity to invertebrates, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C133 (1-2), 259-270. 

La Point, T.W., Cobb, G.P., Klaine, S.J., Bills, T., Forsythe, B., Jeffers, R., Waldrop, V.C. and Wenholz, M. (1996) Water quality components affecting silver toxicity in Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas, in A.W. Andren and T.W. Bober (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Transport, Fate and Effects of Silver in the Environment, International Argentum Conference, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 121-124. 

VanGenderen, E.J., Ryan, A.C., Tomasso, J.R. and Klaine, S.J. (2003) Influence of dissolved organic matter source on silver toxicity to Pimephales promelas, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22 (11), 2746-2751. 

Di Toro DM, Paquin PR, Santore R, Wu KB. 1997. Chemistry of silver bioavailability a model of acute silver toxicity to fish. 5th International Argentum Conference on Transport, Fate and Effects of Silver in the Environment, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, p 191-204. 

Failure to thrive in a child has been attributed to silver toxicity (30). 

McIntyre E, Wilcox J, McGill J, Lewindon PJ. Silver toxicity in an infant of strict vegan parents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001 33(4) 501-2. 

See also Copper Mercury Silver Toxicity Testing, Dermal Toxicity Testing, Inhalation. 

Bianchini, A., R.C. Playle, C.M. Wood, et al. 2005. Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Toxicol. 72 67-82. 

Bianchini, A., and C.M. Wood. 2008. Does sulfide or water hardness protect against chronic silver toxicity in Daphnia magna A critical assessment of the acnte-to-chronic toxicity ratio for silver. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 71 32-40. 

Morgan, T.P., and C.M. Wood. 2004. A relationship between gill silver accumulation and acute silver toxicity in the freshwater rainbow trout Support for the acute silver biotic ligand model. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23 1261—1267. 

Pedroso, M.S., J.G. Bersano, and A. Bianchini. 2007. Acute silver toxicity in the euryha-line copepod Acartia tonsa Influence of salinity and food. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26 2158-2165. 

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