Silver nanoparticle technology

The application of silver nanoparticle technology as a future antimicrobial material is an interesting area of research. Silver nanoparticles have been shown to prevent the development and establishment of biofilms (Palanisamy et al., 2014). This in principle would be an effective strategy to prevent the growth of undesirable microorganisms. The application of silver nanoparticle technology seems ideal for medical equipment. 

Sanghi, R. and Verma, P. 2009a. Biomimetic synthesis and characterization of protein capped silver nanoparticles. Bioresource Technology, 100(1) 501. ... 

Metal nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest due to their properties and applications related to size effects, which can be appropriately studied in the framework of nanophotonics [1]. Metal nanoparticles such as silver, gold and copper can scatter light elastically with remarkable efficiency because of a collective resonance of the conduction electrons in the metal (i.e., the Dipole Plasmon Resonance or Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance). Plasmonics is quickly becoming a dominant science-based technology for the twenty-first century, with enormous potential in the fields of optical computing, novel optical devices, and more recently, biological and medical research [2]. In particular, silver nanoparticles have attracted particular interest due to their applications in fluorescence enhancement [3-5]. 

In another study Escherichia coli cells treated by Ag nanoparticles were found damaged, showing formation of pits in the cell wall of the bacteria (59). Jain and Pradeep have studied the efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a drinking water filter where there is bacterial contamination of the surface water (60). Silver nanoparticles were utilized to make stable, silver-coated filters from common polyurethane (PU) foams. The performance of the material as an antibacterial water filter was checked and no bacterium was detected in the output water when the input water had a bacterial load of 1 X 10 colony-forming units (CPU) per miUditer. The antibacterial action was also checked inline for a flow rate of 0.5 L/min and no bacterium detected, which suggests that domestic use of this technology is possible. 

FIGURE 18.6 TEM images of silver nanoparticle agglomerates (a) and separate nanoparticles (b) synthesized by the electron-beam evaporation of the solid. (From Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 132, Bardakhanov, S.P., Korchagin, A.I., Kuksanov, N.K. et ah. Nanopowder production based on technology of solid raw substances evaporation by electron beam accelerator, 204-208, Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

We carefully selected papers on many important topics, such as a paper that offers practical hints on the recovery of strain electromagnetic susceptibility relaxation, a numerical approach to the susceptibility of cross-linked polymers, an update on cross-linked polymers with nanoscale cross-site chains, a paper addressing the role of polymers in technologies and environment protection, an update on quantum-chemical calculation, and a paper that covers some aspects of silver nanoparticles. Also included are chapters that discuss the problems of mechanics of textile performance, new aspects of polymeric nanoCbers, a mathematical model of nanofragment cross-linked polymers, and much more. 

Silver nanoparticles were also used to improve the detection of liquid solutions of analytes at a target-collector distance of 7 m. The experimental setup of the prototype instrument used to perform standoff Raman detection is schematically shown in Figure 8. The prototype system consists of an Andor Technologies Shamrock spectrograph equipped with a charge-coupled device detector (CCD), a reflecting telescope, a fiber optic bundle cable, a notch (or edge) filter assembly and a laser source (532 and 488 nm) for active standoff Raman detection. 

Dankovich, T. A. and Gray, D. G. 2011. Bactericidal paper impre rrated with silver nanoparticles for point-of-use water treatment. Environmental Science Technology, 45,1992-8. 

A prominent FDA-approved chitin dressing is rapid deployment hemo-stat (RDH) (Marine Polymer Technologies) which costs 300 per dressing. One study shows that polymeric hber material based on P-NAG is more effective than alpha-chitin or chitosan, since these have a heterogeneous structure and are complexed with minerals and proteins. Moreover, the j3 structure (parallel orientation) of the hbers was found to be more effective than the a structure (antiparallel orientation). In another study, the hemostatic and antibacterial properties of chitosan dressings have been shown to be improved by the addition of polyphosphate polymers and silver nanoparticles respectively. One limiting factor is that all forms of chitin or chitosan bandages are not equally effective and the effectiveness varies from batch to batch. ... 

Ink-jet printing provides another opportunity to fabricate resistive humidity sensors. Different sensor configurations have been investigated using an ink with silver nanoparticles (Weremczuk et al., 2012). Likewise, thin film technologies were applied to develop resistive temperature elements onto Kapton strips, which were subsequently woven into a textile (Zysset, 2013). 

The metal nanoparticles have potential uses in technological and biomedical applications in particular silver ones are widely used due to their well-known antibacterial effects. In medicine silver nanoparticle (Ag-NPs) have found application as wound dressings, surgical instruments and bone substitute biomaterials [65]. 

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