Silver I Oxide

Silver(I) oxide (SILL-ver one OK-side) is an odorless dark brown or black powder with a metallic taste. It is used primarily for polishing glass, the purification of water, and coloring glass. 

Silver(I) oxide is made by reacting silver nitrate (AgN03) with sodium or potassium hydroxide (NaOH or KOH). For example  

The silver(I) oxide settles out as a precipitate that can then be washed and purified. 

Silver(I) oxide finds limited commercial and industrial application. It is used as an ingredient in the manufacture of 

Silver oxide. Red atom is oxygen and silver atoms are silver. P L I S H E R S RESOURCE 

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Alonso C, Salvarezza R C, Vara J M and Arvia A J 1990 The meohanism of silver (I) oxide formation on polyorystalline silver in alkaline solution. Determination of nuoleation and growth rates Electrochim. Acta 35 489-96... 

Addition of an alkali hydroxide to a solution of a silver(I) salt gives a brown solid, silver(I) oxide, AgjO when wet, this behaves as silver hydroxide AgOH, for example... 

The oxide is soluble in ammonia to give the complex [AglNHjlj] (linear). On heating, silver(I) oxide loses oxygen to give the metal (all the coinage metal oxides have low thermal stability and this falls in the order Cu > Ag > Au). 

Silver(I) oxide [20667-12-3] M 231.7, m -200 (dec), d 7.13. Leached with hot water in a Soxhlet apparatus for several hours to remove any entrained electrolytes. 

A variety of silver(I) carbenes can be prepared by interaction of a series of imidazolium salts with silver(I) oxide or silver(I) carbonate (OOJCS(D) 4499). With 3-tert-butyl-l-(2 -pyridylmethyl)imidazolium bromide hydrate and 3-(2", 6"-di-Ao-propylphenyl)-l-(2 -pyridylmethyl)imidazolium bromide hydrate, complexes 85 (R = t-Bu, 2",6"-/-Pr2CgH3) result. 3-(2",4",6"-Trimethylphenyl)-l-(2 -pyridylmethyl)imidazolium bromide in turn leads to 86 (R= 2",4",6"-MejCgH2). 3-(2",6"-Di-wo-propylphenyl)-l-(2 -pyridyl)... 

Finally, the sulphide is absolutely incompatible with oxidants, chlorine (incandescence), dichlorine oxide (explosive decomposition), silver (I) oxide (ignition when the mixture is ground up). 

Quideau, S. Ralph, J. A biomimetic route to lignin model compounds via silver(I) oxide oxidation. 1. Synthesis of dilignols and non-cyclic benzyl aryl ethers. Holzforschung 1994, 48, 12-22. 

Gold(III) sulfide [1303-61-3] Au2S3 Silver oxide See Silver(I) oxide Metal sulfides See other gold compounds, metal sulfides Au2S3... 

Hydrogen sulfide is rapidly oxidised, and may ignite in contact with a range of metal oxides, including barium peroxide, chromium trioxide, copper oxide, lead dioxide, manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, silver(I) oxide, silver(II) oxide, sodium peroxide, and thallium(III) oxide. In the presence of air, contact with mixtures of calcium oxide or barium oxide with mercury oxide or nickel oxide may cause vivid incandescence or explosion. 

See Gold(III) chloride Ammonia Mercury Ammonia Potassium triamidothallate ammoniate Silver azide Ammonia Silver chloride Ammonia Silver nitrate Ammonia Silver(I) oxide Ammonia See N-METAL DERIVATIVES... 

Lead(IV) oxide Non-metals Mercury(I) oxide Non-metals Mercury(II) oxide Non-metals Silver(I) oxide Non-metals... 

Silver(I) oxide Metal sulfides Thallium(III) oxide Sulfur, etc. 

Synthesis via in situ deprotonation of imidazolium salts using silver(i) oxide... 

Since the successful exploration of silver(i) oxide usage as a multifunctional precursor for the synthesis of silver(i) A-heterocyclic carbene complexes, there has been an increasing number of reports related to silver(i) A-heterocyclic carbene chemistry. Silver(i) oxide can act as a weak base to deprotonate imidazolium salts, generating the free A-heterocyclic carbene ligands in situ, which then forms the silver(i) carbene complexes readily. This reaction can take place in the presence of air and moisture, and as a result, no special treatment in regard to the solvents has to be undertaken. More importantly, its basicity is rather specific toward the deprotonation at the G2 position of the imidazole moiety. Exploration of using silver(i) carbonate as a milder precursor in place of silver(i) oxide has also been pursued, but longer reaction times are usually required. 

In view of the versatility of A-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands and their structural diversity in silver(i) coordination chemistry, an extension of the work to ligands with two or more carbene moieties was reported. A dinuclear silver(i) complex 52 (Figure 21) with an o-phenylenedimethylene-bridged bis(carbene) ligand has been synthesized in 66% yield from silver(i) oxide and the bis(imidazolium) salt.88 The reaction to synthesize 52 has to be carried out in... 

Cutlery or ornaments made of silver tarnish and become black this is a shame, because clean, shiny silver is very attractive. The tarnish comprises a thin layer of silver that has oxidized following contact with the air to form black silver(I) oxide ... 

In fact, the tarnish on silver usually comprises both silver(I) oxide and a little silver(I) sulphide. 

Alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones can be converted into analogues containing, e.g., anilino-, phenylthio-, or 2-hydroxyethylthio-substitu-ents by silver(I) oxidation (Ag20 in ethanol) followed by Michael addition (71). In aminomethylation of 3-hydroxy-4- and -2-pyridinones under Mannich conditions the position of substitution can be tailored, by reaction conditions to position C4 or C6, or by converting the OH into OMe, which directs substitution to C5 (72). 

Basic silver(I) oxide AgaO is a convenient precursor to silver(I) bis(NHC) complexes such as 48. The preparation proceeds even at room temperature. The cationic complex precipitates and is therefore easy to purify. 

A chiral dinuclear Ti(IV) oxide 20 has been successfully designed by Maruoka and coworkers and can be used for the strong activation of aldehydes, thereby allowing a new catalytic enantioselective allylation of aldehydes with allyltributyltin (Scheme 12.18). ° The chiral catalyst 20 can be readily prepared either by treatment of bis(triisopropoxy)titanium oxide [(/-Pr0)3Ti-0-Ti(0/-Pr)3] with (S)-BINOL or by the reaction of ((5)-binaphthoxy)isopropoxytitanium chloride with silver(I) oxide. The reaction of 3-phenylpropanal with allyltributyltin (1.1 equiv) under the influence of 20 (10 mol%) gives l-phenyl-5-hexen-3-ol... 

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