Silver chloride citrate

In a quite different field, colloidal gold formed by reduction with citrate ion markedly improved the activity of silver chloride electrodes for the... 

Plating solution, chrome Potassium acid sulfate Potassum alum Potassum aluminum sulfate Potassium bicarbonate Potassium bichromate Potassium bifluoride Potassium bisulfate Potassium bisulfite Potassium bitartrate Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride Potassium chromates Potassium citrate Potassium cyanate Silicone tetrachloride, dry Silicone tetrachloride, wet Silver bromide Silver chloride Silver cyanide Silver nitrate Silver sulfate Soap solutions Soda ash Sodium acetate Sodium benzoate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bichromate Sodium bifluoride Sodium bisulfate Sodium bisulfide Sodium bisulfite Sodium borate Sodium bromate Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate... 

An excess of ethylenedlamlnetetraacetlc acid (EDTA). causes lead to be soluble In chloride solutions (Cl) due to formation of the very stable EDTA-lead complex. Silver (l) and thallium (l) chlorides remain Insoluble and can be separated from lead. Mercury (I) also forms a soluble EDTA complex imder these conditions. The presence of citrate also keeps lead from precipitating from dilute chloride solutions. Mukherjl and Dey have used this to separate lead from silver (m4). In their procedure an excess of sodium citrate Is added to the mixture containing silver and lead nitrate. The Insoluble citrates of lead and silver which are at first precipitated redlssolve upon gentle heating as complex citrates. Upon addition of dilute hydrochloric acid silver chloride precipitates. Lead may be removed from the filtrate as lead chromate. 

Shellac Silver Nitrate Silver Chloride Sodium Citrate Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Nitrate ... 

Cyanide solutions are used in the electroplating of gold, silver, zinc, cadmium, and other metals. In these solutions the concentrations of uncomplexed metal ions are very small, and this favors the production of a uniform fine-gTained deposit. Other complex-forming anions (tartrate, citrate, chloride, hydroxide) are also used in plating solutions. 

Diehl himself worked in the furnace room, a one-floor building on the northern end of the grounds. There he prepared mercuric substances, including corrosive sublimate (mercuric chloride) silver nitrate heavy oil of wine (ethereal oil) solution of chlorinated soda (Labarraque s solution) potassium carbonate potassium acetate citrate of iron and quinine, of which immense quantities were in constant requisition various ferric (iron) solutions syrup of squills and a few other items. He concluded with the following summary ... 

Cellulose acetate phthalate is incompatible with ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride, mercuric chloride, barium nitrate, basic lead acetate, and strong oxidizing agents such as strong alkalis and acids. 

This same conclusion was reached also by Samhoun et al. (23) and David and coworkers (24) on the basis of their electrochemical investigations of Md, which we described earlier. If the potential for the reaction Md+ + e - Md was more positive than -1.5 V, it would have been observed in the electrochemical reductions. Furthermore, the logarithmic slope of the Md reduction waves could not be fitted to a slope of 60 mV expected for a one-electron change. And lastly, the shifts in potential caused by complexing Md with either citrate or chloride ions were consistent with it being a divalent ion and not with it being either a cesium-like or silver-like ion. 

The first step in this new stain protocol employs copper acetate, a metal salt that is both a good fixative ( ) and a silver stain enhancer. The mechanism of copper s stain enhancement, in this and other silver stains, may be similar to its action in the biuret reaction (15.), in which a characteristic color shift, from violet to pink, is achieved by titrating peptides in the presence of copper ions. Copper complexes formed with the N-peptide atoms of the peptide bonds are primarily responsible for this reaction. There are also some number of secondary sites which may interact with copper. Any elemental copper formed may displace positive silver ions from solution as copper has a greater tendency to donate electrons than silver, indicated by its position in the electromotive series of the elements. Following the treatment with copper acetate, the membrane is sequentially soaked in a solution containing chloride and citrate ions and then in a solution containing silver nitrate. The membrane is then irradiated with light while it is in the silver nitrate... 

Allied to the purple of Cassius are those substances composed of colloidal metals and colloidal stannic acid. A good instance of this is silver purple. Silver nitrate and stannous nitrate form a blood-red solution that gradually turns brown and from which a reddish brown precipitate falls out. Ditte mistook this for silver stannate, but L. Wohler f has demonstrated that the substance is analogous to gold purple. Lottermoser J has succeeded in preparing another silver purple synthetically by mixing colloidal silver and colloidal stannic acid. Acids throw out a dark violet precipitate that dissolves in alkali with a deep brown color. The same product may be obtained by mixing solutions of silver nitrate, stannic chloride and anunonium citrate. 

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