Cyanate, silicon

Resin or Rubber All except silicone cyanate esters Process Teiqperature <400F/200C 802 ... 

Zinc naphthenate, octoate systems, etc. Isocyanate (aromatic)/hydroxyl, oxidizing, cyanate ester trimerization, silicone/silicone, cyanate ester/epoxy... 

Both thermoplastic and thermoset resins can be used for ICA formulations. The main thermoplastic resin used for ICA formulations is polyimide resin. An attractive advantage of thermoplastic ICAs is that they are reworkable (e.g., can easily be repaired). A major drawback of thermoplastic ICAs, however, is the degradation of adhesion at high temperature. Another drawback of polyimide-based ICAs is that they generally contain solvents. During heating, voids are formed when the solvent evaporates. Most of commercial ICAs are based on thermosetting resins. Epoxy resins are most commonly used in thermoset ICA formulations because they possess superior balanced properties. Silicones, cyanate esters, and cyanoacrylates are also employed in ICA formulations [48-52]. 

Addition, chloroform, to olefins to form 1,1,3 tnchloroalkanes, 46, 106 chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to isobutylene to give 0-isovaleiolactam-N-sulfonyl chloride, 46, SI cyclohexyl amine to silicon tetraiso-cyanate, 46, 69... 

Dipolar cycloaddition reactions, of nitrones to olefins, 46, 97 of 3-phenylsydnone, 46, 98 Dispiro[5.1.5.1]tetradecane-7,14-dione, photolysis to cyclohexylidene-cyclohexane, 47, 34 preparation from cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride and triethylamine, 47, 34 Displacement of bromine from 1-bromo-2-fluoroheptane to give 2-fluoro-heptyl acetate, 46, 37 N,N -Disubstituted formamidines from triethyl orthoformate and primary amines, 46, 41 N,N-Disubstituted thioureas from secondary amines and silicon tetra-isothiocyanate, 45, 69 N,N-Disubstituted ureas from secondary amines and silicon tetraiso-cyanate, 45, 69... 

Another reaction type for which EGA catalysis has been thoroughly explored is the reaction between organo-silicon nucleophiles and acetals or unprotected aldehydes and ketones [31-33]. The reaction types are aldol condensation, allyla-tion, cyanation, and hydride reductions depending on which of the nucleophiles (16) to (20) is used. 

Dipolar cycloadditions with 3-phenylsydnone, 46, 98 N,N-Disubstituted thioureas from secondary amines and silicon tetraisothiocyanate, 46, 69 N,N-Disubstituted ureas from secondary amines and silicon tetraiso-cyanate, 45, 69... 

Silicon tetraisocyanate is prepared from silicon tetrachloride and silver cyanate or lead cyanate. ... 

N,N-Disubstituted ureas from secondary amines and silicon tetraiso-cyanate, 46, 69... 

It seems likely that iodine attached to silicon might be replaced by chlorine with the aid of reagents such as AgCl or PbCla, but no such reactions have been reported. The replacement of chlorine by azide, cyanate, or thiocyanate groups does proceed readily, however (entry 35). 

Thousands of compounds of the actinide elements have been prepared, and the properties of some of the important binary compounds are summarized in Table 8 (13,17,18,22). The binary compounds with carbon, boron, nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur are not included these are of interest, however, because of their stability at high temperatures. A large number of ternary compounds, including numerous oxyhalides, and more complicated compounds have been synthesized and characterized. These include many intermediate (nonstoicliiometric) oxides, and besides the nitrates, sulfates, peroxides, and carbonates, compounds such as phosphates, arsenates, cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates, selenocyanates, sulfites, selenates, selenites, teflurates, tellurites, selenides, and tellurides. 

The di(cyanate ester) of bisphenol A (BADCy) was supplied by Lonza and used as received (HPLC indicated the monomer was 99.4% pure). The chemical synthesis of a silicon-containing analog to BADCy, the di(cyanate ester) of dimethylbis(p-phenol)silane, (referred to as SiMCy), has been described... 

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