Silicate-poly nanocomposites

Morgan AB, Gilman JW.(2003). Characterization of poly-layered silicate (clay) nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction a comparative study. J Appl Polym Sci, 87 1329-38. 

To assist in the production of silicate layer nanocomposites SCCO2 has also been used. Intercalcated poly(methyl methacrylate) clay nanocomposites, containing 25-50% by weight of clay, have been made by polymerisation of methyl methacrylate in a SCCO2 pressure vessel [112]. This overcame previous melt processing difficulties caused by the... 

T. U. Patro, D. V. Khakhar, and A. Misra, Phosphonium-based layered silicate-poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites Stability, thermal and mechanical properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113 (2009), 1720-32. 

Bartholmai, M. Schartel, B. Layered silicate polymer nanocomposites new approach or illusion for fire retardancy Investigations of the potentials and the tasks using a model syston. Poly. Adv. Technol. 2004, 15, 355-364. 

To conclude this section, the LDPE/LDH nanocomposites, like many poly-olefin/layered silicate-based nanocomposites, represent a highly inhomogeneous system with almost luiknown interactions between the LDH particles and the particles and polymer matrix. Therefore, the rheological analysis... 

Xu, R., Manias, E., Snyder, A.J. and Runt, J. 2001. New biomedical poly(urethane uera)-layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34 337-339. 

There are few reports on block-copolymeric TPE (namely, polyurethane, EVA, SBS, poly (styrene-fo-butyl acrylate) (PSBA))-clay nanocomposites also [196-199]. Choi et al. [196] studied the effect of the silicate layers in the nanocomposites on the order-disorder transition temperature of... 

FIG. 12 X-ray diffraction patterns of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-clay nanocomposites prepared from dimethyl ditallowammonium-exchanged montmorillonite as a function of the weight ratio of water to silicate. (From Ref. 67.)... 

PP-g-MA) silicate nanocomposites and intercalated thermoset silicate nanocomposites for flame-retardant applications were characterised by XRD and TEM [333], XRD, TEM and FTIR were also used in the study of ID CdS nanoparticle-poly(vinyl acetate) nanorod composites prepared by hydrothermal polymerisation and simultaneous sulfidation [334], The CdS nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer nanorods. The intercalation of polyaniline (PANI)-DDBSA (dodecylbenzene-sulfonate) into the galleries of organo-montmorillonite (MMT) was confirmed by XRD, and significantly large 4-spacing expansions (13.3-29.6A) were observed for the nanocomposites [335],... 

PDMS nanocomposites with layered mica-type silicates were also reported.374 A two-step sol-gel process of the in situ precipitation of silica led to the development of siloxane-based nanocomposites with particularly high transparencies.3 5 Some unusual nanocomposites prepared by threading polymer chains through zeolites, mesoporous silica, or silica nanotubes were reviewed.3 6 Poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanocross-linked by octa(propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane was reported.377... 

Pantoustier, N., Alexandre, M., Degee, P, Calberg, C., Jerome, R., Henrist, C., et al. (2001). Poly(3-caprolactone) layered silicate nanocomposites effect of clay surface modifiers on the melt intercalation process. e-Polymer, 9, 1-9. 

Vaia, R. A., Vasudevan, S., Krawiec, W., Scanlon, L. G., and Giannelis, E. P. New polymer electrolyte nanocomposites Melt intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) in mica-type silicates, Adv. Mater. (1995), 7, 154-156. 

Zanetti M, Camino G, Reichert P, Miilhaupt R. Thermal behaviour of poly(propylene) layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2001 22 176-180. 

Fig. 18. The steady-shear rheological behavior for a series of intercalated nanocomposites of poly(dimethyl0 95-diphenyl0 05siloxane) with layered silicate (dimethyl ditallow montmo-rillonite) at 25 °C. The silicate loading is varied and are noted in the legend. From Ref. [5].

Intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) into a lithium-ion exchanged clay gives an interesting class of layered silicate nanocomposites that are lithium-ion electrolytes. Componnds have been prepared by intercalation from methanol/water solutions and by melt intercalation. Melt intercalation typically gives samples with higher polymer contents than the solution method and with higher lithium-ion conductivity though the conductivity is probably stiU too low for practical applications. 

Messersmith, P.B. Giannelis, E.P. Synthesis and barrier properties of poly( -caprolactone)-layered silicate nanocomposites. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 1995, 33 (7), 1047. 

Moraes RP, Valera TS, Demarquette NR, et al. (2009) Influence of granulometry and organic treatment of a BrazUian montmorillonite on the properties of poly(styrene-co-n-butyl acrylate)/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. J Appl... 

Kilburn, D., Wawryszczuk, J., Dlubek, G., Pionteck, J., Hassler, R., and Alam, M. A., Temperature and pressure dependence of the free volume in poly isobutylene from positron lifetime and pressure-volume-temperarnreexperiments,Macromol. Chem. Phys., 207,721-734(2006b). Kim, S. H., Chung, J. W., Kang, T. J., Kwak, S.-Y, and Suzuki, T., Determination of the glass transition temperature of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from positronium annihilation lifetime measurements. Polymer, 48, 4271-4277 (2007). 

Eslami, H., Grmela, M., and Bousmina, M., A mesoscopic rheological model of poly-mer/layered silicate nanocomposites, J. Rheol., 51,1189-1222 (2007). 

Messersmith, P. B., Giannelis, E. R, Synthesis and barrier properties of poly(e-caprolactone)-layered silicate nanocomposites. loumal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry. 7, 1047-1057 (1995), DOI 10.1002/pola.l995.080330707. 

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