Signals floral

The latter show multi-effects including coloured floral bursting patterns, crackle, glitter, rain and stars, while maroon-type rockets are commonly used to signal the start or finish of a display. 

Olfactory landscapes and deceptive pollination signal, noise and convergent evolution in floral scent... 

Chemodiversity of floral scent distinguishing signal from noise... 

Signal pollinator attractants geographic variation multiple pollinators conditioning stimulus (T floral constancy) synergist pollinator attractants conditioning stimulus (T floral constancy) anti-microbial agents herbivore repellent synergist... 

Many of the compounds that constitute chemical signals in the world of insects contain chiral centers, and it now seems evident that a variety of insects can discriminate these enantiomers with great olfactory precision. Insects are exposed to a multitude of enantiomeric plant natural products, but in addition, these animals synthesize a variety of pheromones with centers of chirality. Obviously, it would be highly adaptive for these arthropods to both exhibit great olfactory acuity in the presence of floral enantiomers and great sensitivity to their own optically active pheromones. It appears that this is precisely the case. 

Abe, M., Kobayashi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Daimon, Y., Yamaguchi, A., Ikeda, Y., Ichinoik, H., Notaguchi, M., Goto, K., and Araki, T., FD, a bZIP protein mediating signals from the floral pathway intergrator FT at the shoot apex, Science, 309, 1052-1056, 2005. 

The methyl ester of jasmonic acid (methyl 3-oxo-2-(2 -pentenyl)-cyclopentaneacetate) is also known as both an active plant hormone and an important fragrance and flavor component with sweet-floral and jasmine-like aroma notes (13). Methyl jasmonate induces plant systems to provide defense from microbial infection, and is a secondary synthesis product of plants. Methyl jasmonate was also isolated from the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta as a part of the male sex hormone (7,75). The authors demonstrated that the volatile form of jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, is a major signal molecule for inter- and intra species communications. Methyl jasmonate is expected to have... 

Floral scents are often complex blends of several compounds. These are mainly fatty-acid derivatives, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, isoprenoids, nitrogen-and sulfur-containing compounds. Knudsen et al. s (1993) comprehensive review of floral odors reported floral scents with as few as three compounds and as many as several hundred. A study of moth-pollinated flowers from the Nyctaginaceae reported as many as 77 compounds in floral scent and as few as one. Studies that have focussed on identifying the site of volatile production in flowers report that they are produced mostly in the petals. Volatiles are both synthesized and released by the epidermal cells or by special glandular trichomes on the petal surface. Other studies have shown that the odor of pollen is also part of the odor signal. ... 

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