Signal influence

The duration of signaling influences how a cell responds to a particular stimulus. For example, brief activation of the MAP kinase cascade in the neuronal cell line, PCI 2, results in proliferation, while sustained... 

Intercellular signaling influences nearly every physiological reaction. It ensures that all cells of a particular type receive and transform a signal. In this manner, cells of the same type react synchronously to a signal. A further function of signaling pathways is the coordination of metabolite fluxes between cells of various tissues. 

In [Edler, 1992] a solution to this problem has been proposed. It is based on the fact that every frequency component of the input signal influences two subbands of the cascaded filter bank, one as a signal component and the other as an aliasing component. Since this influence is symmetric, a compensation can be achieved using a butterfly... 

The organismal division of labor that resulted from the development of multicellularity brought about behavioral repertoires that, by the standards of single-celled life forms, can be considered complex. The study of the organismal, cellular, and molecular ways in which environmentally encountered chemical signals influence behaviors associated with feeding, development, and social interactions has made important contributions to our understanding of chemoreception. 

Ayasse M., Schiestl F. R, Paulus H. F., Lofstedt Hanson B. S., Ibarra F. and Francke W. (2000) Evolution of reproductive strategies in the sexually deceptive orchid Ophrys sphegodes how does flower-specific variation of odor signals influence reproductive success Evolution 54, 1995-2006. 

Shin S, Wakabayashi N, Misra V, Biswal S, Lee GH, Agoston ES, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW (2007) NRF2 modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling influence on adipogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 27 7188-7197... 

Wi-Fi Signal. Studying how Wi-Fi signal influences the success rate is interesting, because it not only determines the bounding the GPS log length, but also eventually provides minimum technical requirements for the ERAM framework to work properly. 

In summarizing the information reviewed in this report, it is obvious that in callitrichids, chemical signals influence a large number of social and reproductive behaviors as well as the interactions of animals with their physical environment. However, our understanding of the role of chemical signals in this group of primates is still very poor and additional field and laboratory studies are needed to increase it. 

These results show that signalling influences the recall of more skilled readers in three different ways. First, they point the reader towards the signalled information. Second, they influence the way the information read will be represented in the memory of the subject, and, finally, they influence the process of retrieval of information by the reader, as can be seen in the high rate of agreement between the organizational plan of the material remembered and that of the text. A last point to mention is that the immediate free recall task produced, as expected, higher scores than the delayed task. 

Gourich B, Vial C, Essadki AH, AUam F, Soulami MB, Ziyad M. (2006) Identification of flow regimes and transition points in a bubble column through analysis of differential pressure signal— influence of the coalescence behavior of the hquid phase. Chem. Eng. Process., 45 214—223. 

Whereas some aspects of secondary metabolism are now relatively well known, e.g., chemistry and biochemistry, others are still obscure. This is especially true for the mode of action of most signals influencing secondary metabolism and the molecular mechanisms which integrate secondary product biosynthesis into the programs of differentiation and development. The latter may be better understood when the molecular organization of these programs is known in more detail (Nover et al. 1982). 

Table 10. Signals influencing the expression of secondary metabolism...

Derivative control action is also referred to as rate action, preact, or anticipatory control. Its function is to anticipate the future behavior of the error signal by computing its rate of change thus, the shape of the error signal influences the controller output. Derivative action is never used alone, but in conjunction with proportional and integral control. Derivative control is used to improve the dynamic response of the controlled variable by decreasing the process response time. If the process measurement is noisy, however, derivative action will ampHfy the noise unless the measurement is filtered. Consequently, derivative action is seldom used in flow controllers because flow control loops respond quickly and flow measurements tend to be noisy. In the chemical industry, there are more PI control loops than PID. 

Craven AJ et al (2001) Prolactin signaling influences the timing mechanism of the hair follicle analysis of hair growth cycles in prolactin receptor knockout mice. Endooinology 142(6) 2533-2539... 

Phosphorylation is not only one of the most important regulation mechanisms of the cell, but possibly also the best suited for computation. The major advantage of the phosphorylation reaction is that it is fully reversible and only uses little space so that an enzyme can, have several sites which can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated independently. For instance, the enzyme glycogen synthase can be phosphorylated in many different sites by six different protein kinases (PK) and dephosphorylated by several different protein phosphatases (PP), as shown schematically in Fig. 2.2 d). This not only implies that signals influencing the... 

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