Signal information

We pointed out in Section 13 3 that both H and are nuclei that can provide useful structural information when studied by NMR Although a H NMR spectrum helps us infer much about the carbon skeleton of a molecule a NMR spectrum has the obvious advantage of probing the carbon skeleton directly NMR spectroscopy is analogous to H NMR in that the number of signals informs us about the number of different kinds of carbons and their chemical shifts are related to particular chemical environments... 

A wide range of NTD materials is available to tailor the impedance of the device to the desired range (see ref. [14] and Section 15.2.1.1). With a typical bolometer impedance of a few Mft, low-noise J-FETs preamplifiers (see section 10.6) are used with these detectors. The use of an AC bias at 100 Hz allows the signal information to be extracted without degradation by preamplifier Ilf noise [72],... 

Dawkins, R. and Krebs, J. R. (1978). Animal signals information or manipulation In... 

Fig. 19. Singular value decomposition of matrix X. The number of data points is N, the model order is M, and the rank is K (N> M > K). The signal information is contained in the shaded regions. The remaining rows and columns contain noise information and may be discarded. Adapted from de Beer and van Ormondt, in NMR Basic Principles and Progress, Vol. 26 (eds Diehl et al.), p. 202, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992. 1992 Springer-Verlag.

R. A. Firtel. Integration of signaling information in controlling cell-fate decision in Dictyostelium. Genes Dev, 9, 1427-1444, 1995. 

There are several detection methods in the near-millimeter band in common use. We will limit attention to rectification and bolometric detection, because they are the most common methods for near-millimeter spectrometers built to date. Both methods rely on the intrinsic device properties to convert the signal information to a frequency range that can be conveniently processed. 

The intracellular signals involved in chemo-taxis are not yet fully understood, and much of the information available today has been deduced from signaling information for other GPCRs. However, significant new data regarding the chemotactic process have accumulated in recent years. Like other seven-transmembrane receptors, chemokine receptors couple to G-proteins. Many chemokine-in-duced signaling events are inhibited by Borde-tella pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting that chemokine receptors are linked to G-proteins of the Gai class (18,19). In cotransfection experiments it has been shown that CXCRl and... 

Calmodulin does not bind to the pump unless is coordinated to it. As the Ca concentration increases in the cell, the Ca-calmodulin complex is formed. The binding of this Ca-calmodulin complex to the pump is thus a signal informing the pump that the cytoplasmic Ca level has risen above a certain level and to start pumping Ca out. 

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