Signal evaluation

Expedieney of the use of seanned samples eomputer simulation method for analytieal signal evaluation and interpretation has been analyzed. 

The left panel shows the possible range of the input parameters, while the right panel shows possible machine responses after signal evaluation. Depending on the combination of registered signals, the wash process is varied in duration and the number of rinse cycles. 

Sensor Control and Signal Evaluation with Discrete Electronics... 

Fig. 5.52 Sensor control and signal evaluation with discrete electronics.

A discrete signal evaluated at time instant k A continuous signal evaluated at time t... 

Detailed Design and Optimization of Sensing Element and Signal-Evaluation Circuit... 

The methods described in this section are used particularly during design of the sensing element (Fig. 4.1.4) and also to some extent in the system-design phase. (Similar approaches are applicable to the design of the signal-evaluation circuit, but we will focus here on the micromechanical aspects.)... 

When designing sensors, an initial decision has to be made between the discrete approach, with separated sensing element and electronic signal evaluation circuit,... 

ASIC can follow S/C generation cycle On-chip signal evaluation... 

This can further be enhanced by the so-called lock-in technique, in which modulated signals are used, which after demodulation separate the desired signal from the noise. Both techniques are described here by examples one is a monolithic pressure sensor with moderate piezoresistive bridge signals and the other is a signal evaluation circuit for a high-pressure sensor with very small sensor signal levels. 

Before describing the signal evaluation principles, the general observed imperfections of the piezoresistive bridge, which must be taken care of in the evaluation circuit, will be discussed. 

This example shows an analog solution with a V/I converter. Another possibility is an instrumental amplifier instead of the V/I converter. The analog evaluation circuit is economical relating to wafer-area, but there are a lot of design features necessary for a high accurate signal evaluation. All circuit blocks must be designed to be insensitive to temperature and mechanical stress. 

The Bosch microsilicon air-flow meter is available with analog (HFM5) or digital (HFM6) signal evaluation circuits. 

Results of signal evaluations (assessments) inform the sponsor and regulators and help determine the need for additional risk communication. Safety risks are typically communicated in the form of an investigator brochure (IB), informed consent form, and prescribing information (also referred to as product label). Additional forms of risk communication, such as Dear Investigator Letters (DILs) and Dear Healthcare Provider Letters (DHCP Letters), may be warranted for newly recognized important safety risks with significant public health and medical impact. 

Schneeweiss S. 2010. A basic study design for expedited safety signal evaluation based on electronic healthcare data. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 19 858-868. 

Systematic use of data mining tools in a large spontaneous ADR database will identify large numbers of statistical signals. Evaluating all of them in detail would have major resource implications but many will turn out not to be real or to require no action. Possible signals have often been evaluated or dismissed on the basis of subjective judgements but two methods of prioritisation have been proposed ... 

The outcome of signal evaluation is often that there is a need for further investigation, for example, of an epidemiological nature as described in Chapter 3. But there can also be enough evidence and... 

---