Signal cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the intestine and the brain. It appears to be an important mediator of anxiety. It also stimulates vasopressin secretion and slows gastric emptying. In addition, it is an important humoral satiety signal (appetite control). Various antagonists have been developed and are currently being investigated with regard to their therapeutic potential. 

The regulation of food intake in humans is complex. In addition to genetic and cultural influences, it involves the action of leptin, insulin, ghrelin, PYY, cholecystokinin, and amylin. Most of these molecules act by signaling to the brain. 

Sheehan M, de Belleroche J Facilitation of GABA release by cholecystokinin and caerulein in rat cerebral cortex. Neuropeptides 3 429-434, 1983 Sherman AD, Petty F Additivity of neurochemical changes in learned helplessness and imipramine. Behav Neural Biol 35 344-353, 1982 Sherman WR Lithium and the phosphoinositide signaling system, in Lithium and the Cell. Edited by Birch NJ. London, Academic Press, 1991, pp 121-157 Sherman WR, Munsell LY, Gish BG, et al Effects of systemically administered lithium on phosphoinositide metabolism in rat brain, kidney, and testis. J Neurochem 44 798-807, 1985... 

We have already discussed the co-occurrence of small amine and peptide neurotransmitters their release is normally Ca + dependent, and they operate through signal transmission. They are also capable of regulating each other s release and even the synthesis, clustering, and affinity of receptors. Neuroendocrine cells are capable of producing more than one peptide, and thus an amine-peptide as well as a peptide-peptide combination is possible. It is known, for instance, that the vagus nerve contains substance P, vasointestinal peptide, enkephalin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin— peptides with a hybrid combination of neural and hormonal communication properties. 

Some afferent signals reflecting the nutritional state of the body. CCK = cholecystokinin. 

CancelaJM (2001) Specific Ca + signaling evoked by cholecystokinin and acetylcholine the roles of NAADP, cADPR, and IP3. Annual Reviews of Physiology 63,99-117. 

Smith, G. P. and J. Gibbs (1975). Cholecystokinin a putative satiety signal. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 3(Suppl 1) 135-8. 

Neural connections project information from taste receptors in the taste buds of the mouth, via cranial nerves VII and IX, and from nutrient sensors in the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract, via cranial nerve X. The nutrient sensors of the Gl tract may be activated by cholecystokinin (CCK) or serotonin (5-HT). The afferent fibers end at the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem. From there, after integration with other signals, projections to the forebrain carry the sensory information to higher structures... 

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