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Valence electron shell

The first remark is that the inner shell electrons do not appear to differ from those of the corresponding free atoms. Bond formation only involves the outer shell electrons (valence electrons). [Pg.27]

The formalism of connectivity indices is an embodiment of graph theory. Connectivity indices are intuitively appealing because each index can be calculated exactly from valence bond (Lewis) diagrams familiar to organic chemists, which depict molecular structure in terms of atoms, inner shell and valence shell electrons, valence shell hybridization, o and k electrons, bonds and lone pairs. The indices can then be correlated with physical or chemical properties of interest. Connectivity indices have, in the past, been very useful in treating molecular systems with well-defined chemical formulae and fixed numbers of atoms [24,25]. [Pg.46]

Let s look at this situation more closely. A sodium atom (atomic number 11) has a total of 11 electrons and 11 protons. Only one of these electrons is a valence electron. By giving its single valence electron away, the sodium atom becomes a sodium cation with a net +1 charge because it now has 11 protons but only 10 electrons. Furthermore, the sodium cation now has exactly the same number of outer shell electrons (valence electrons) as the nearest noble gas, Ne. [Pg.95]

In discussing the physical and chemical properties of an element, chemists often focus on the outermost shell of its atoms, because electrons in this shell are the ones involved in the formation of chemical bonds and in chemical reactions. We call outer-shell electrons valence electrons, and we call the energy level in which they are found the valence shell. Carbon, for example, with a ground-state electron configuration of, has four... [Pg.4]

In the Bom-Oppenlieimer [1] model, it is assumed that the electrons move so quickly that they can adjust their motions essentially instantaneously with respect to any movements of the heavier and slower atomic nuclei. In typical molecules, the valence electrons orbit about the nuclei about once every 10 s (the iimer-shell electrons move even faster), while the bonds vibrate every 10 s, and the molecule rotates... [Pg.2154]

The tetrahedral geometry of methane is often explained with the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model The VSEPR model rests on the idea that an electron pair either a bonded pair or an unshared pair associated with a particular atom will be as far away from the atom s other electron pairs as possible Thus a tetrahedral geomehy permits the four bonds of methane to be maximally separated and is charac terized by H—C—H angles of 109 5° a value referred to as the tetrahedral angle... [Pg.29]

Section 1 10 The shapes of molecules can often be predicted on the basis of valence shell electron pair repulsions A tetrahedral arrangement gives the max imum separation of four electron pairs (left) a trigonal planar arrange ment is best for three electron pairs (center) and a linear arrangement for two electron pairs (right)... [Pg.49]

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model (Section 110) Method for predicting the shape of a molecule based on the notion that electron pairs surrounding a central atom repel one another Four electron pairs will arrange them selves in a tetrahedral geometry three will assume a trigo nal planar geometry and two electron pairs will adopt a linear arrangement... [Pg.1296]

For main group elements the number of framework electrons contributed is equal to (t + a — 2) where v is the number of valence shell electrons of that element, and x is the number of electrons from ligands, eg, for Ff, x = and for Lewis bases, x = 2. Examples of 2n + 2 electron count boranes and heteroboranes, and the number of framework electrons contributed by their skeletal atoms, ate given in Table 1. [Pg.230]

Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, 1, 564 Valence tautomerism photochromic processes and, 1, 387 y-Valerolactone, o -allyl-a -2-(pyrido[2,3-6]-imidazolyl)-synthesis, 5, 637 Validamycin A as fungicide, 1, 194 Valinomycin... [Pg.920]

Penta-atomic polyhalide anions [XY4] favour the square-planar geometry (D4h) as expected for species with 12 valence-shell electrons on the central atom. Examples are the Rb+ and Cs+ salts of [C1F4], and KBrp4 (in which Br-F is 189 pm and adjacent angles F-Br-F are 90 ( 2°). The symmetry of the anion is slightly... [Pg.836]

Lone-pair electrons (Section 1.4) Nonbonding valence-shell electron pairs. Lone-pair electrons are used by nucleophiles in their reactions with electrophiles. [Pg.1245]


See other pages where Valence electron shell is mentioned: [Pg.411]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.415]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.1119]    [Pg.1322]    [Pg.1323]    [Pg.1324]    [Pg.1324]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.383]    [Pg.290]    [Pg.319]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.761]    [Pg.833]    [Pg.838]    [Pg.845]    [Pg.897]    [Pg.39]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.806]    [Pg.8]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.50 , Pg.262 , Pg.362 ]




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Atomic orbitals valence-shell electron-pair

Atomic structure, organic compounds valence shell electrons

Carbon dioxide valence shell electron pair

Chemical bond valence shell electron-pair repulsion

Complexes valence shell electron pair repulsion

Covalent bonding valence shell electron pair repulsion

Covalent bonds valence shell electron pair

Electron configurations valence-shell

Electronic characterization techniques valence-shell electrons

Electronics shells

Electrons Molecular geometry Valence-shell

Electrons valence-shell electron-pair

Electrons valence-shell electron-pair repulsion

Five electron pair valence shells

Hybridization valence shell electron pair

Lewis structure valence-shell electron-pair repulsion

Lewis structure valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory

Lewis structures valence shell electron pair

Models and theories valence-shell electron-pair repulsion

Molecular Geometry The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model

Molecular geometry and the valence-shell electron pair repulsion model

Molecular geometry orbitals Valence-shell electron-pair

Molecular geometry valence shell electron pair

Molecular geometry valence-shell electron pair repulsion theory

Molecular geometry valence-shell electron-pair repulsion

Molecular orbitals valence shell electron-pair

Molecular structure valence-shell electron

Molecular structure valence-shell electron-pair

Non-bonding valence shell electrons

Observing valence-shell electrons

Octahedral complexes valence shell electron pair repulsion

Photoelectron spectroscopy valence-shell electrons

Repulsive force valence shell electron pair

Resonance valence-shell electron-pair repulsion

Shape valence shell electron pair repulsion

Six Electron Pair Valence Shells

Skill 1.3c-Predict molecular geometries using Lewis dot structures and hybridized atomic orbitals, e.g., valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR)

Tetrahedral complexes valence shell electron pair repulsion

The Distribution of Electrons in Valence Shells

The Shapes of Molecules Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron

VSEPR (valence shell electron molecules containing

VSEPR (valence shell electron-pair

VSEPR theory (valence shell electron pair

Valence Shell Electron Pair

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion VSEPR)

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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model Group 15 elements

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion molecular shapes

Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion VESPR)

Valence Shell Electron-pair Repulsion VSEPR) model

Valence electron

Valence electrons Valency

Valence outer-shell electrons

Valence shell -electron ionization energies

Valence shell electron pair domain

Valence shell electron pair repulsion and molecular geometry

Valence shell electron pair repulsion approach

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Valence shell electron pair repulsion predicting molecular geometries with

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Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory VSEPR)

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Valence shell electron repulsion

Valence shell electron repulsion theory

Valence shell electron repulsion theory (VSEPR

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Valence shell electron-pair repulsion model. See

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Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion defined

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Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion molecules with multiple central atoms

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion octahedral arrangement

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Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion shells

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion square planar shape

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion tetrahedral arrangement

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory description

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory geometry, central atom

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory orbital hybridization

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion trigonal bipyramidal arrangement

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion trigonal planar arrangement

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion trigonal pyramidal

Valence-shell electron-pair theory)

Water valence shell electron pair

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