Shell-and-tube heat exchanger tubes

Typical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Tube-sheet Layouts... 

Figure 4.2 Shell-and-tube heat-exchanger tube layouts. (Source Ref. 15.)...

H TYPICAL SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE-SHEET LAYOUTS... 

Heuristic 54 For shell-and-tube heat exchangers, tubes are typically / in, O.D., 16 ft long, and on 1-in. triangular spacing. A single-tube-pass shell of 1-fi inside diameter accommodates a tube outside area of approximately 300f 2-ft inside diameter, 1,330ff, and 3-ft inside diameter, 3,200 fl. ... 

Figure 26.1 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Tube support baffles 90 from true orientation.

Tube sheet Like the tube sheet in shell and tube heat exchanger, tube sheet for air cooler is used to separate process fluid from air and to install the tubes-... 

In a shell and lube heat exchanger with horizontal tubes 25 mm external diameter and 22 rnm internal diameter, benzene is condensed on the outside by means of water flowing through the tubes at the rate of 0.03 m Vs. If the water enters at 290 K and leaves at 300 K and the heat transfer coefficient on the water side is 850 W/in2 K, what total length of tubing will be required ... 

A shell-and-lube heat exchanger is u.sed for cooling 47 kg/s of a process stream flowing through the tubes from 160°C to 100°C. This heat exchanger has a total of lOO identical... 

Figure 4.9-2. Shell-and-iube heat exchangers (a) I shell pass and I tube pass (l-I exchanger) (b) I shell pass and 2 tube passes (1-2 exchanger).

The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is probably the most common type of exchanger used in the chemical and process industries. The simplest type of such device is the 1-1 design (1 shell pass, 1 tube pass), as illustrated in Fig. 7.7a. Of all shell-and-tube types, this comes closest to pure countercurrent flow and is designed using the basic coimtercurrent equation ... 

If exchangers are countercurrent devices, then the number of units equals the number of shells, providing indithdual shells do not exceed some practical upper size limit. If, however, equipment is used that is not completely countercurrent, as with the 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger, then... 

Example 7.4 For the process in Pig. 6.2, the stream and utility data are given in Taible 7.1. Pure countercurrent (1-1) shell and tube heat exchangers are to be used. 

Maximum Thermal Effectiveness for 1-2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers... 

Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for a Given Unit 435... 

R distillation column reflux ratio (-) or heat capacity ratio of 1-2 shell-and-tube heat exchanger (-)... 

Fig. 8. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger A, shell of high strength B, tube sheet C, tubes (normally small diameter tubes are seamless, but large diameter tubes (>1 in.) are welded tubes) D, boimets E, baffles to assure more efficient circulation by providing minimum clearance between tubes and tube holes...

Gas-Heated Reforming. Gas-heated reforming is an extension of the combined reforming concept where the primary reformer is replaced by a heat-transfer device in which heat for the primary reforming reaction is recovered from the secondary reformer effluent. Various mechanical designs have been proposed which are variants of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (12,13). 

Impervious graphite heat exchangers machined from solid blocks are also available (15,16). The solid block constmction is less susceptible to damage by mechanical shock, such as steam and water hammer, than are shell and tube exchangers. Block exchangers are limited in size and cost from 50—100% more than shell and tube units on an equivalent area basis. 

If the CO is not completely combusted to CO2 in the regenerator, a CO boiler is used to complete the combustion. The resulting heat of combustion and the sensible heat of the flue gas along with any heat from auxiUary fired fuel are recovered in the form of high pressure steam. When the regenerator is operated in total CO bum, the CO boiler is replaced with either a shell and tube exchanger or a box-type waste heat boiler (see Heat... 

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