Heat exchangers tube-plates/sheets

U-Tube Heat Excbajiger (Fig. 11-36J) The tube bundle consists of a stationaiy tube sheet, U tubes (or hairpin tubes), baffles or support plates, and appropriate tie rods and spacers. The tube bundle can be removed from the heat-exchanger shell. A tube-side header (stationary head) and a shell with integr shell cover, which is welded to the shell, are provided. Each tube is free to expand or contract without any limitation being placed upon it by the other tubes. 

The tube bundle is the most important part of a tubular heat exchanger. The tubes generally constitute the most expensive component of the exchanger and are the one most hkely to corrode. Tube sheets, baffles, or support plates, tie rods, and usually spacers complete the bundle. 

The tube-plates (tube-sheets) in shell and tube heat exchangers support the tubes, and separate the shell and tube side fluids (see Chapter 12). One side is subject to the shell-side pressure and the other the tube-side pressure. The plates must be designed to support the maximum differential pressure that is likely to occur. Radial and tangential bending stresses will be induced in the plate by the pressure load and, for fixed-head exchangers, by the load due to the differential expansion of the shell and tubes. 

Heat exchangers transfer energy, in the form of heat, between two fluids that do not physically contact each other. A standard exchanger has a shell, tubes, tube sheet, shell inlet and outlet, tube inlet and outlet, and baffles. Heat exchanger designs include simple pipe-coil, shell-and-tube, plate-and-frame, spiral, and air-cooled. 

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