Shearwaters

Monteiro, L.R. and Furness, R.W (2001). Kinetics, dose-response, excretion and toxicity of methyl mercury in free living Cory s shearwater chicks. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20, 1816-1824. 

Renzoni, A., Focardi, S., and Fossi, M.C. et al. (1986). Comparison between concentrations of mercury and other contaminant s in Cory s Shearwater. Environmental Pollution 40A, 17-35. 

Monteiro LR, Furness RW. 2001. Kinetics, dose-response, and excretion of methyhnercury in free-living adult Cory s shearwaters. Environ Sci Technol 35 739-746. 

Ovary Cory s shearwater, Calonectris diomedea Azores, Portugal 1992-93 fledglings age 12 weeks 654 DW 57... 

Stewart, F.M., L.R. Monteiro, and R.W. Furness. 1997. Heavy metal concentrations in Cory s shearwater, Calonectris diomedea, fledglings from the Azores, Portugal. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 58 115-122. Straube, E.F., N.H. Schuster, and A.J. Sinclair. 1980. Zinc toxicity in the ferret. Jour. Comp. Pathol. 90 355-361. Sullivan, P.A., W.E. Robinson, and M.P. Morse. 1988. Isolation and characterization of granules from the kidney of the bivalve Mercenaria. Mar. Biol. 99 359-368. 

Many petrels and shearwaters approach their nest burrow, often located under forest cover, at night. When Leach s petrel Occanodroma leucorrhoa) return to their nest, they first hover over the spruce-fir canopy near their burrow. Then they plummet to the ground several meters downwind from their nest site and walk upwind to their burrows (Fig. 4.6). In still air, they landed closer to the burrow and followed a more roundabout route than in wind. With external nares plugged or olfactory nerves transected, displaced birds did not return to their burrows for 1 week. In a laboratory two-choice apparatus, breeding petrels... 

Electrophysiologically measured thresholds for butanoic acid and ethanethiol in Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus) and black-footed albatross Diomedea nigripes) are as low as 0.01 ppm (Wenzel and Sieck, 1966). More electrophysiologi-cal thresholds for some compounds in tree swallows and cedar waxwings (Clark, 1991), starlings (Clark and Smeraski, 1990), and brown-headed cowbirds (Clark and Mason, 1989) are listed in Table 5.4. 

Manx shearwater Amyl acetate. 0.01 Wenzel and Sieck, 1966... 

Social odors have rarely been reported in birds. The respiration rate of wedge-tailed shearwaters Puffinus pacificus) increases in response to the odor of an unfamiliar conspecific (Shallenberger, 1975). Domestic ducks altered social and sexual behavior after bilateral section of the olfactory nerve, or after treatment with amyl acetate or ethyl acrylate (Balthazart and Schoffeniels, 1979). Some bird species are known for their strong characteristic odors. For instance. 

Hutchison, L. V., Wenzel, B. H., Stager, K. E. and Tedford, B. L. (1984). Further evidence for olfactory foraging by Sooty Shearwater and Northern Fulmars. In Marine Birds Their Feeding Ecology and Commercial Fisheries Relationships, ed. D. N. Nettleship, G. A. Sanger, and P. F. Springer, pp. 78-89. Ottawa Canadian Wildlife Service Special Publication. 

James, P. C. (1986). How do Manx shearwaters, Puffinuspuffinus, find their burrows. Ethology 71,287-294. 

Shallenberger, R. J. (1975). Olfactory use in the wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacifi-cus) on Manana Island, Hawaii. In Olfaction and Taste, vol. 5, ed. D. A. Denton and J. P. Coghlan, pp. 355-359. New York Academic Press. 

Leopold, A. (1999). For the Health of the Land. J.B. Callicott and E.C. Freyfogle, eds., Washington, DC Island Press/Shearwater Books. 

Poly(ethylenglycol)-a-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine,-w-maleimide FW 3,400 (mPEG-DSPE-maleimide, from Shearwater Polymers, Huntsville, AL). Dissolve mPEG-DSPE-maleimide in DMSO at 10 mg/mL immediately before reaction. 

Seabird feathers may provide a proxy for oceanic mercury secular change (Monteiro and Furness, 1997). This unique dataset includes feathers retrieved from museum specimens of exclusively pelagic, piscivorous seabirds such as shearwaters and petrels. While there is scatter associated with the values, as should be expected from such a natural archive, an increase of —3 X between 1885 and 1994 can be seen in the mercury concentration of the feathers. Furness, Monteiro and co-workers have extended their work to include studies on the movement of mercury within hving birds and the relationship between prey concentrations of mercury and those observed in the bird s feathers (Monteiro et al., 1998 Monteiro and Furness, 2001), which aid in the interpretation of the feather record. This approach has so far been apphed to the NE... 

Panuska, B. C., J. M. Mylroie, D. Armentrout, and D. McFarlane. 1998. Magnetostratigraphy of Cueva del Aleman, Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico and the species duration of Audubon s Shearwater. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 60 96-100. 

Petrels and shearwaters are wide-ranging oceanic birds with a characteristic tubenose and other specialized features that equip them well for a life spent mostly at sea. Found throughout the world, these long-lived colonial nesting seabirds include some 79 species in four families, all in the Order Procelliformes. These seabirds show a... 

Most petrels and shearwaters nest on isolated islands in the southern oceans, some as far south as Antarctica. Several species, however, breed in Hawaii, the northwestern United States (including Alaska), Maine, and Canada. These birds frequently range far from their birthplace, covering thousands of miles in an endless search for food. The greater shearwater, for example, nests on the Tristan da Cunha islands in the South Atlantic Ocean but may be found in the North Atlantic from Florida to Newfoundland during the northern summer. Other species may spend months circumnavigating the Pacific. 

The petrels and shearwaters have a characteristic musky odor arising from their stomach oils, which are used as a food for the young, as a defensive weapon (squirted when needed), and as additional waterproofing for their feathers. 

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