Shampoos synthetic detergents

Synthetic Detergents. Examples of shampoo formulations are given in Table 1. The names of the ingredients are those designated by the Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA). 

A.gllsethionates. These are among the oldest of the synthetic detergents and were developed ia Germany to overcome problems of hard water. They are prepared by reaction of fatty acid chlorides with a salt of isethionic acid, ie, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid [107-36-8]. These detergents have moderate foaming properties and have seen only limited use ia shampoos. 

Personal Care Products. Within the broad definition of synthetic detergents, a variety of cleansing products are made for personal care. These include such products as cleansing bars, shampoos, bubble-bath products, cosmetic cleansers, and tooth pastes. Formulations of these products vary widely, depending upon their intended use. 

This is the type of substance responsible for bathtub rings. Before synthetic detergents were introduced for shampoos, some of the scum left over from soap would remain in people s hair after they washed it with soap. People would have to rinse their hair with vinegar to wash out the solid salts left over from the soap. 

As noted above, soaps form precipitates when used in hard water. In the 1930s, chemists developed synthetic detergents as a substitute for soap to avoid this problem. Synthetic detergents can be used in hard water without forming precipitates. Today, almost all laundry products and shampoos contain synthetic detergents. 

The cleansing action of soap occurs because oil and grease can be absorbed into the hydrophobic centers of soap micelles and washed away (Figures 12.30 and 12.31). Synthetic detergents also form association colloids. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a synthetic detergent present in toothpastes and shampoos. 

Synthetic musks are important ingredients for the fragrance industry. They are heavily used in laundry detergents, fabric softeners, cleaning products, air fresheners, and so on, and in cosmetic and personal hygiene products such as hand soap, shampoo, and perfume. Nitro, polycyclic, macrocyclic, and the newest dass, alicydic musks constitute the four major classes. The OSPAR (Oslo-Paris) Commission summarized information on their environmental behavior that was relevant to its charge, namely protection of the northeast Atlantic marine environment [37]. Most of the identified uses of synthetic musks are expected to lead to their release to... 

Alcohols, low molecular weight Surfactants (liquid detergents, shampoos, etc.) Alcohols, high molecular weight Fats and oils (vegetable, animal, synthetic)... 

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