Serum haptoglobin

G6. Giblett, E. R., and Steinberg, H. G., The inheritance of serum haptoglobin types in American Negroes evidence for a third allele Hp-2m. Am. J. Human Genet. 12, 160 (1960). 

L10. Laurell, C.-B., and Nyman, M., Studies on the serum haptoglobin level in hemoglobinemia and its influence on renal excretion of hemoglobin. Blood 12, 493 (1957). 

M5. Murray, R. K., and Connell, G. E., Elevation of serum haptoglobin in rabbits in response to experimental inflammation. Nature 186, 86 (1960). 

Owen, J. A., Serum haptoglobins in hemolytic states. Proc Intern. Congr. Clin. Chem. 4th Congr. Edinburgh, 1960 p, 141. Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1961. 

R3. Robert, L., Mombelloni, P., and Crosti, P., Studies on serum haptoglobin in experimental connective tissue disorders. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 107, 499 (1961). 

These hormones also have profound effects on the function of the liver. Some of these effects are deleterious and will be considered below in the section on adverse effects. The effects on serum proteins result from the effects of the estrogens on the synthesis of the various 2 globulins and fibrinogen. Serum haptoglobins produced in the liver are depressed rather than increased by estrogen. Some of the effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are probably influenced by changes in liver metabolism (see below). 

The effects on serum proteins result from the effects of the estrogens on the synthesis of the various 2-globulins and fibrinogen. Serum haptoglobins that also arise from the liver are depressed rather than increased by estrogen. 

Chlorpromazine can cause falsely reduced serum haptoglobin concentrations (26). 

When the pyrimethamine + dapsone combination was used in the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in 173 patients with AIDS, there was anemia in about 20, and in all 117 cases for which data were available, serum haptoglobin concentrations had fallen (SEDA-18, 287). 

The answer is d. (Murray, pp 163-119. Scriver, pp 3121-3162. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 361-391.) The man has symptoms of hemochromatosis (235200), an autosomal recessive disorder with increased iron absorption from the small intestine. There is increased serum iron, higher saturation of transferrin, and increased amounts of ferritin-iron complex so that it appears in serum. The red cell lifetime is normal in hemochromatosis, resulting in normal release of hemoglobin and normal serum haptoglobin. Hemochromatosis is caused by mutations at a locus in the histocompatibility region of chromosome 6 the protein product is localized to the small intestine and influences iron absorption by an unknown mechanism. 

Muscle is the only source of CK and by measuring the isoenzyme CK-MB one can determine whether or not cardiac muscle is involved. If the liver is involved then the serum yGT should be increased as this is one of the most sensitive indicators of liver disease. LDH isoenzyme analysis will help identify erythrocyte damage as a possible source for some of the LDH and AST activity. In haemolytic disorders, one would expect a reticulocytosis and intravascular haemolysis will lead to a low serum haptoglobin level. These investigations will help identify whether or not erythrocytes have contributed to the serum enzymes. 

Adams, D. R, N. Lee, K. Lynch, T. Sellers, D. Rnnulat, and L. Schwartz. 2004. Automated measurement of serum haptoglobin in rats, dogs and monkeys using the Tridelta PHASR tm method on the Bayer Advia 1650 chemistry system. Clinical Chemistry 50 (SuppL) A36. 

Purification of mammalian serum haptoglobin Purification of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens... 

Hemoglobin Reticulocyte count Serum bilirubin (total) Serum bilirubin (indirect) Serum haptoglobin Serum iron Urinary iron Fecal stercobilinogen... 

Based on this experience, all gouty patients with suspected purine overproduction not due to hereditary enzyme abnormalities were evaluated for the presence of compensated hemolysis. So far, 7 patients have been found in which the serum haptoglobin level was indicative of hemolysis (Table 5). In 5 of these patients, a shortened erythrocyte half-life was also found. 

Other findings suggestive of increased hemolysis are an elevated stercobilinogen content of the stool, reticulocytosis, lack or deficiency of serum haptoglobin, and erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow (Sobrevilla et al. 1964 Wolff et al. 1965). In contrast to the latter finding, Mier et al. (1960) saw significant reduction of erythropoesis, suggestive of hypoplastic anemia. Red cell survival, as measured with Cr, was found to be shortened in three cases so studied (Mier et al. 1960 Druez 1959 Ways et al. 1963). In the case of Ways et al. (1963) the half-life of red cells was approximately 22 days (normal 26—27 days). 

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