Hyperplasia erythroid

Adverse reactions may include the following Fever porphyria dysuria gout hepatic reaction nausea vomiting anorexia thrombocytopenia and sideroblastic anemia with erythroid hyperplasia vacuolation of erythrocytes increased serum iron concentration adverse effects on blood clotting mechanisms mild arthralgia and myalgia hypersensitivity reactions including rashes, urticaria, pruritus fever acne photosensitivity porphyria dysuria interstitial nephritis. 

A severe decrease in P-globin levels leads to the precipitation of the a-chain, which in turn causes a defect in the maturation of the erythroid precursor, and erythropoiesis thus reducing red cell survival. The profound anemia in the affected individual stimulates the production of erythropoietin leading to the expansion of bone marrow and subsequent skeletal deformities. The hyperplasia of the bone marrow induces increased iron absorption leading to the deposition of iron in tissues. If the concentration of iron in the tissues becomes too high, it can lead to organ failure and death if appropriate therapeutic steps are not taken. 

Erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow causes crewcut skull X-ray and increased size of maxilla ( chipmunk face ). 

Zeller, I., Knoflach, M., Seubert, A., Kreutmayer, S., Stelzmilller, M., Wallnoefer, E., et al., 2010. Lead contributes to arterial intimal hyperplasia through nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-mediated endothelial interleukin 8 synthesis and subsequent invasion of smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 30, 1733—1740. 

Unbalanced whole-arm chromosomal translocations, including der(l 7)(ql0 pl0), der(l 15)(qlO qlO), der(l 16)(ql0 pl0), and der(l 19)(qlO plO), have been reported in hematological malignancies, but der(l 7) (qlO plO) has rarely been associated with acute erythroleukemia. A 64-year-old Korean woman with severe neutropenia and erythroid hyperplasia during azathioprine therapy had an unbalanced translocation between the whole arms of chromosomes 1 (long arm) and 7 (short arm) the detailed karyotype was 46,XX,t>l, der(l 7)(ql0 pl0),inv(9)(pllql3)c [137 ]. 

Other findings suggestive of increased hemolysis are an elevated stercobilinogen content of the stool, reticulocytosis, lack or deficiency of serum haptoglobin, and erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow (Sobrevilla et al. 1964 Wolff et al. 1965). In contrast to the latter finding, Mier et al. (1960) saw significant reduction of erythropoesis, suggestive of hypoplastic anemia. Red cell survival, as measured with Cr, was found to be shortened in three cases so studied (Mier et al. 1960 Druez 1959 Ways et al. 1963). In the case of Ways et al. (1963) the half-life of red cells was approximately 22 days (normal 26—27 days). 

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