Serotonin antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotic diugs Novel antipsychotic diugs serotonin/dopamine antagonists 5HT2A/D2 antagonists. 

Meltzer HY (1999) The role of serotonin in antipsychotic drug action. Neuropsychopharmacology 21 106S—115S... 

Neuroleptics or antipsychotics suppress the positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as combativeness, hallucinations and formal thought disorder. Some also alleviate the negative symptoms such as affective blunting, withdrawal and seclusiveness. Neuroleptics also produce a state of apathy and emotional indifference. Most neuroleptics block dopamine D2-receptors but some, like clozapine, also block dopamine D4-receptors or serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine2A-receptors. 

Antipsychotics (conventional agents have nonspecific dopamine receptor antagonsim atypical agents also have serotonin antagonist activity), ecopipam, GBR-12909 and other partial dopamine agonists (may be functional antagonists)... 

There is, however, a unique risk in the bipolar form that antidepressant treatment may trigger a switch into mania. This may occur either as the natural outcome of recovery from depression or as a pharmacological effect of the drug. Particular antidepressants (the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) seem less liable to induce the switch into mania than other antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy. Treatment for mania consists initially of antipsychotic medication, for instance the widely used haloperidol, often combined with other less specific sedative medication such as the benzodiazepines (lorazepam intramuscularly or diazepam orally). The manic state will usually begin to subside within hours and this improvement develops further over the next 2 weeks. If the patient remains disturbed with manic symptoms, additional treatment with a mood stabilizer may help. 

Antipsychotics, bromocriptine, carbamazepine, chlorpropamide, cyclophosphamide, desmopressin, ecstasy, lamotrigine, monamine oxidase inhibitors, NSAIDs, oxcarbazepine, oxytocin, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, vasopressin, vinblastine, and vincristine... 

Tricyclic antidepressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Antipsychotics Phenothiazines Risperidone Lithium... 

Reserpine inhibits the synaptic vesicular storage of the monoamines dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. As a result they leak out into the cytoplasm where they are inactivated by monoamine oxidase this causes their long-lasting depletion. The resulting low levels of dopamine underlie the antipsychotic actions of reserpine (Chapter 11), whereas the reduced noradrenaline levels underlie its antihypertensive actions. Finally, the resulting low levels of serotonin and noradrenaline mean that reserpine also induces depression. These severe side effects mean that reserpine is no longer used clinically as a treatment for schizophrenia (Chapter 11). 

Clozapine is the prototype of atypical antipsychotic drugs, and it has been used effectively to treat patients with schizophrenia who are unresponsive or intolerant to typical antipsychotics [7]. Clozapine is characterized as atypical by its preferential binding to serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine D4 receptors (D4) relative to dopamine D2 receptors [8]. A recent body of work also suggests that atypicality may be defined by the rate at which clozapine dissociates from D2 receptors. Specifically, clo-... 

Meltzer HY. Role of serotonin in the action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Clin Neurosci 1995 3(2) 64—75. 

Serotonin Binds to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor to act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter in its inhibitory function, it can treat anxiety and depression in its excitatory function, it is an antipsychotic. 

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