Series, reactors design

More up-to-date data of this process are employed in a study by Rase (Fixed Bed Reactor Design and Diagnostics, Butterworths, 1990, pp. 275-286). In order to keep the pressure drop low, radial flow reactors are used, two units in series with reheating between them. Simultaneous formation of benzene, toluene, and minor products is taken into account. An economic comparison is made of two different catalysts under a variety of operating conditions. Some of the computer printouts are shown there. 

Introduction to Reactor Design Fundamentals for Ideal Systems 285 Simulation of a series reaetions A—>B—>C in a bateh reaetor... 

We will now deal with quite sophisticated issues concerning reactor design and performance. Although we deal with these in a sympathetic manner, you may find it useful to refresh your knowledge by reading more about bioreactors. The BIOTOL series offers opportunities to learn more about fermentors. 

Since many reactions of this type involve a series of second-order processes, it is instructive to consider how one analyzes systems of this sort in order to determine the kinetic parameters that are necessary for reactor design purposes. We will follow a procedure described previously by Frost and Pearson (11). Consider the following mechanistic equations. 

The main conclusions to be drawn from this study are that the reactor design works well, and that steady state continuous flow operation requires excellent mixing of the gases and two liquid phases and high conversions. Improvements in the catalyst (ligand) are required to reduce leaching still further, but commercialisation will also require a different reactor design or more than one CSTR in series. 

Volumes 1, 2 and 3 form an integrated series with the fundamentals of fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer in the first volume, the physical operations of chemical engineering in this, the second volume, and in the third volume, the basis of chemical and biochemical reactor design, some of the physical operations which are now gaining in importance and the underlying theory of both process control and computation. The solutions to the problems listed in Volumes 1 and 2 are now available as Volumes 4 and 5 respectively. Furthermore, an additional volume in the series is in course of preparation and will provide an introduction to chemical engineering design and indicate how the principles enunciated in the earlier volumes can be translated into chemical plant. 

Significant advances have also been made in reactor safety. Earlier reactors rely on a series of active measures, such as water pumps, that come into play to keep the reactor core cool in the event of an accident. A major drawback is that these safety devices are subject to failure, thereby requiring backups and, in some cases, backups to the backups The Generation IV reactor designs provide for what is called passive stability, in which natural processes, such as evaporation, are used to keep the reactor core cool. Furthermore, the core has a negative temperature coefficient, which means the reactor shuts itself down as its temperature rises owing to a number of physical effects, such as any swelling of the control rods. 

The oxyhydrochlorination process can utilize either a fluid bed, a fixed bed, or fluid and fixed beds in series. Published economic data (3) indicate that these various reactor designs offer potentially the same economic returns however, the fluid bed system has been the most successful in commercial operation because of the following ... 

Lavoisier, Paris, 1982 H.I.De Lasa (Ed.), Chemical reactor design and technology, NATO ASI Serie E 110, Martinos Nijhoff, 1986. 

Krambeck, F. J., 1984, Computers and modem analysis in reactor design. Proc ISCRE 8. I Chem E Symp series, No 87, 733. For a more accessible proof see Ho and Aris, 1987, AIChE J 33 1050. 

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