Series operation

When the adsorption capacity of a carbon unit is exceeded, there is breakthrough of the contaminant in the treated stream. Eixed beds may be operated in series to allow continuous treatment while spent or exhausted units are replaced with fresh carbon. In series operation, there are two or more units. The majority of the contaminant is removed by the first unit in the series with the downstream units acting as polishing units. When breakthrough occurs in the first or primary unit, it is replaced with fresh carbon and becomes a polishing unit while the next unit in the series takes over and becomes the primary treatment unit. An example of this round-robin operation of a three-carbon bed is shown in Eigure 2. 

For equation 26, starting with methane and soHd sulfur at 25°C, and ending with gaseous products at 600°C, the reaction is endothermic and requires 2.95 MJ /kg (705 kcal/kg) of CS2. The reaction of methane and sulfur vapor in the diatomic form is actually exothermic (23,78). Superheating of the sulfur is claimed to be preferable (79), and series operation of reactors offers a means of reducing process temperatures at which the sulfur dissociates (80). 

The simplest ultrafiltration is the stirred cell, a batch operation. The most compex is a continuous stages-in-series operation incorporating diafiltration. Industrial practice incorporates the full gamut of complexity. 

The water is then pumped through series operated sand filters, which provide the final stage of suspended solids removal and protect the garnualr activated carbon (GAC) filters from particulate contamination. Series operated GAC filters are then used to remove the dissolved creosote and pesticides from the water. To achieve compliance with specifications levels, water should be sampled and analyzed after leaving the first GAC filter. The second GAC filter normally serves as a guard bed. 

Series operation The connection of two fans or pumps in succession in order to increase the available pressure in a system. 

Assume that the exit composition from the last reactor remains unchanged in all cases and that none of the A has been converted to products prior to entering the reactor. Do not assume S = 0. Obtain a general solution. In series operation the small reactor precedes the large reactor in the sequence. 

The piping and valves may be arranged to enable two centrifugal pumps to be operated either in series or in parallel. For two identical pumps, series operation gives a total head of 2Ah at a capacity Q and parallel operation gives a capacity of 2Q at a total head Ah. The efficiency of either the series or parallel combination is practically the same as for a single pump. 

When a GC 16A series gas chromatograph is used as the core, various laboratory-automation-oriented attachments such as bar-code reader and a magnetic-card reader become compatible a labour-saving system can be built, in which the best operational parameters are automatically set. Each satellite gas chromatograph (GC 14A series) operates as an independent instrument when a keyboard unit is connected. 

Estimate the minimum number of membrane modules required for the operation of this process (a) as a single feed and bleed stage, and (b) as two feed and bleed stages in series. Operation for 20 h/day may be assumed. 

J1. Two tOO-barrel tanks are available to use as surge volume to filter liquid flow rate disturbances in a petroleum refinery. Average throughput is 14,400 barrels per day. Should these tanks be piped up for parallel operation or for series operation Assume proportional-only level controllers. 

One final feature built into the system was the provision for two stage series operation to cover the eventuality of a single stage I achieving acceptable-quality water. In practice, this has provedj necessary and has never been used. 

When needed, greater head or greater capacity may be obtained by operating several pumps in series or parallel. In parallel operation, each pump develops the same head (equal to the system head), and the flow is the sum of the flows that each pump delivers at the common head. In series operation, each pump has the same... 

Methanol converter two stainless steel columns, in series, operating at 300°C and 50 atm, Cu catalyst. C02 removal unit made of carbon steel, operates with 5°C water in spray. Electric gas heater C - Services... 

My desire to write this book was fostered by Loraine Huchler, president of Mar-Tech Systems, which she founded in the mid 1990 s, and author of the book series, Operating Practices for Industrial Water Management. Loraine has provided both technical and moral support. 

In a single CSTR, monomer and other ingredients of the polymerization recipe are continually fed into the vessel while polymer and the rest of the reaction mixture are removed. The effluent can, of course, serve as the feed to the next CSTR in a series operation. Problems with heat removal are alleviated to some extent because of the beneficial effects of cold monomer feed and the removal of reaction heat with the effluent. CSTR reactors are economically attractive for large-scale production with relatively infrequent changes in product properties. 

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