Horizontal separator separation efficiency

They have higher separation efficiency than a horizontal knockout drum. 

Vibrating screens, horizontal and inclined screening surfaces vibrated at high frequencies (1000 to 7000 Hz). High capacity units, with good separating efficiency, which are used for a wide range of particle sizes. 

Horizontal separators normally are more efficient at handling large volumes of gas than vertical types since liquid droplets fall perpendicular to the gas flow in the gravity settling section, and are more easily settled out of the gas continuous phase. Also, since interface area is larger in a horizontal separator, it is easier for gas bubbles, which come out of solution as liquid approaches equilibrium, to reach the vapor space. 

Separation in these devices known as winnowing machines [3], is achieved due to the difference between trajectories of coarse and fine particles in the separation zone (Fig. lb). Their operation and efficiency are strongly affected by the stochastic factors of the process, in particular by uncertainties in feeding and particles aerodynamic interactions. In most cases coarse particles prevent proper classification of fines. Separation efficiency of these devices is usually low. They are normally used for separation of solid particles according to densities (e.g. grain from peel), rather than by size. Sometimes crossflow separation in horizontal streams is used in combination with other separation principles. 

Figure 38 (Liu et al., 1990b) shows a four-inlet cyclone. Solids tend to be densified around the inlet region as the vertically entering solids-laden streams are suddenly diverted toward tangential flow in a horizontal plane. At inlet velocities exceeding 8.5 m/s, the overall separation efficiency for a typical FCC catalyst was found to be consistently above 99%, as shown in Fig. 39. This design, however, resulted in relatively high pressure drop unless the inlets were appropriately enlarged. The efficiency and pressure drop of this type of multi-inlet cyclones could be approximated by modifying the single-inlet cyclone expressions (Kou, 1987 Shi et al., 1987) ...

Marked improvement of separation efficiency in the separation of complex samples may be obtained by stepwise gradient elution [5] because of enhanced mutual displacement of the components in the concentrated starting band. A simple stepwise gradient of four to five steps is frequently sufficient the generation of stepwise gradients is possible in some types of horizontal chambers [6] by consecutive delivery of eluent fractions of increasing concentrations of modifier. 

It follows from (13.55) and (13.56) that A), < Ay if r. is the same for horizontal and vertical settlers. The higher efficiency of emulsion separation in a horizontal separator as compared to a vertical one is explained by of the shape of drop distributions at the settler exit (Fig. 13.17). In a vertical settler, the part of the initial distribution with V > Va- gets cut off at the entrance, since drops of such volume cannot move against gravity. In a horizontal settler, drops of all sizes settle continuously along the whole length, and not only drops with V > Va-, but also a part of drops with V < Va get settled out, which does not happen in a vertical settler. 

I T8 Efficiency of Cas-Liquid Separation in Separators Table 18.2 Efficiency of a horizontal separator. 

It is usually more efficient than a horizontal separator for high vapor-liquid ratios. 

For horizontal separators, the separation efficiency depends on tiie total vapor travel length within the vessel. A longer vessel makes it easier to... 

Fig. 9.8 Sections of several stirred countercurrent columns. Horizontal stator baffles divide the column into successive sections, each fitted with a mixer, aU fixed to a central shaft. The mixers disperse one phase into droplets and mix the two phases in the section as efficiently as possible. The stator baffles must support the phase separation and the countercurrent flow of the liquids from state to stage.

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