Separation of overlapping

ENDOR-induced EPR 4.2 EI-EPR ENDOR resonance frequency correction 2.4 Separation of overlapped EPR spectra and of different orientations in a powder... 

DOUBLE ENDOR 4.3 two rf fields 2.5 Separation of overlapped ENDOR spectra, determination of relative signs of hf splittings... 

The second method is to integrate the intensities under the whole arcshaped reflections. The separation of overlapping peaks can be done automatically, once the peak shape has been parameterized from a few well-separated peaks. Occasionally there is a possibility of full overlapping when two or more reflections have the same or almost (within given precision) the same geometrical properties, like dm and Dm values (see equations (8) and (11)). Only then the overlapping reflections cannot be separated. 

SEPARATION OF OVERLAPPING PROTONATION CONSTANTS FOR A POLYPROTIC ACID... 

This new technique introduced in 1993 has been thoroughly examined and discussed. Main advantages are the separation of overlapping events in the DSC scans. In conventional DSC, a constant linear heating or cooling rate is applied. In modulated DSC (MDSC), the normally linear heating ramp is overlaid... 

The difference in TG curves for CuS04. 5H20 obtained using a crucible and the multiplate sample holder is illustrated in Figure 2.13 (421. Curve (1) was obtained by use of a crucible, while in obtaining curve (2) the sample was- placed as a thin layer on the surfaces of a multiplate holder. The latter type of holder yielded better separation of overlapping reactions and also resulted in lower procedural decomposition temperatures. A similar effect was reported by Paulik and Paulik (21). 

Leapman R D and Swyt C R 1988 Separation of overlapping core edges in electron energy loss spectra by multiple-least squares fitting Ultramicroscopy 26 393-404... 

A reproducible base-line drawing procedure and a kind of peak deconvolution procedure is necessary to determine the area of this rubber loss maximum and that of the original PP relaxation maxima. A computerised deconvolution program for the separation of overlapping DMA loss maxima was described by... 

Resolution a measure of the separation of two adjacent peaks (A and B), in the chromatogram. Resolution may be assessed by the valley between the peaks hy or by peak width Wb in quantitative analyses a baseline separation should be obtained. The separation of overlapping peaks may be measured as follows ... 

An example of separation of overlapping waves is the analysis of mixtures of lead(II) and thallium(I). A mixture of these two ions in neutral media gives a wave that cannot be resolved into the individual waves of Pb and Tl the half-wave potentials differ by only about 60 mV. When excess sodium hydroxide is added, the wave for thalUum(I) remains at virtually the same potential as in neutral media (as thallium does not form hydroxo complexes), whereas the wave of lead(II) is shifted to more negative potential by about 300 mV, due to formation of plumbate (Fig. 

Separation of overlapping classes is not feasible with methods such as discriminant analysis because they are based on optimal separating hyperplanes. SVMs provide an efficient solution to separating nonhnear boundaries by constructing a linear boundary in a large, transformed version of the feature space. 

MTDSC has become very much the established technique in the study of polymeric materials where its advantages over conventional DSC can be exploited. Figure 8 illustrates the use of MTDSC for the separation of overlapping thermal events in a poly(ethylene terephthalatej-acrylonit-rile butadiene styrene (PET-ABS) blend. The thermal analysis curve for PET alone was shown in Figure 4. The present figure shows the total heat flow for the blend and its separation into the reversing and non-reversing... 

Figure 1> Pulse sequence for the experiment of Mliller, Kumar and Ernst for the separation of overlapping proton-coupled carbon-13 multiplets. ...

Equations corresponding to the double elimination functions, eliminating two current components and conserving one current component, are shown in Table 11.2. It should be noted that error of double EVLS is relatively high, and therefore it is necessary to work carefully with it. On the other hand, a voltammetric signal increases by more than one order (Fig. 11.2). Moreover, the separation of overlapped voltammetric signals in the double EVLS mode is much more successful [23]. 

A variety of chromatography data software, which also includes well-known names, still do not use deconvolution. In the example as well as in other studies [5] it has already been shown that the use of deconvolution results is a clear optimization for the separation of overlapped peaks. The area and height and retention time determinations are clearly more accurate. Even at the deconvolution the made error depends on the resolution. The lower the resolution, the larger the error. 

Figure 6.14. Application of peak cleaning techniques for the separation of overlapping relaxations (a) technique introduced by Creswell and Perlman (1970), with 7k = 10 °C and Tp = 47 °C (b) variation of TSC spectrum with changes in Tp (between -123 °C and +47 °C in 10° increments). Filled circles correspond to the spectrum recorded with the optimum polarization temperature (rp = -13°C) for p relaxation. [From Kalogeras (2004) reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.]...

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