Sensors energy transfer

Keywords Charge transfer Chemical sensor Energy transfer Metal-organic frameworks Porous coordination polymers Structural transformation... 

The sensor detection of EEPs is methodically more complicated than the detection of atoms and radicals. With atoms and radicals being adsorbed on the surface of semiconductor oxide films, their electrical conductivity varies merely due to the adsorption in the charged form. If the case is that EEPs interact with an oxide surface, at least two mechanisms of sensor electrical conductivity changes can take place. One mechanism is associated with the effects of charged adsorption and the other is connected with the excitation energy transfer to the electron... 

Chiorboli C, Indelli MT, Scandola F (2005) Photoinduced Electron/Energy Transfer Across Molecular Bridges in Binudear Metal Complexes. 257 63-102 Coleman AW, Perret F, Moussa A, Dupin M, Guo Y, Perron H (2007) Calix[n]arenes as Protein Sensors. 277 31-88... 

Fluorescence or Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is widely accepted as being one of the most useful methods to observe biochemical events in vitro and in living cells. Generally, there are two forms of FRET sensors those based on a pair of genetically encoded fluorophores, usually employing fluorescent proteins from jellyfish or corals, or those based on small molecules that make use of small organic fluorophores. 

Takakusa, H., Kikuchi, K., Urano, Y., Sakamoto, S., Yamaguchi, K. and Nagano, T. (2002). Design and synthesis of an enzyme-cleavable sensor molecule for phosphodiesterase activity based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 1653-1657. 

Blagoi, G., Rosenzweig, N. and Rosenzweig, Z. (2005). Design, synthesis, and application of particle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensors for carbohydrates and glycoproteins. Anal. Chem. 77, 393-399. 

There are several works published on pH sensors based on energy transfer. Jordan and Walt developed a single-fiber optic sensor based on... 

Jordan D.M., Walt D.R., Milanovich F.P., Physiological pH fiber-optic chemical sensor based on energy transfer, Anal. Chem. 1987 59 437-439. 

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has also been used very often to design optical sensors. In this case, the sensitive layer contains the fluorophore and an analyte-sensitive dye, the absorption band of which overlaps significantly with the emission of the former. Reversible interaction of the absorber with the analyte species (e.g. the sample acidity, chloride, cations, anions,...) leads to a variation of the absorption band so that the efficiency of energy transfer from the fluorophore changes36 In this way, both emission intensity- and lifetime-based sensors may be fabricated. 

The sensor for the measurement of high levels of CO2 in gas phase was developed, as well90. It was based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between 0 long-lifetime ruthenium polypyridyl complex and the pH-active disazo dye Sudan III. The donor luminophore and the acceptor dye were both immobilized in a hydrophobic silica sol-gel/ethyl cellulose hybrid matrix. The sensor exhibited a fast and reversible response to carbon dioxide over a wide range of concentrations. 

Energy transfer [3,12] between molecules has also been used in the design of optical sensors. Here, an excited molecule (donor) can transfer its electronic energy to another species (acceptor). This process occurs without the appearance of a photon and results from dipole-dipole interaction between the donor-acceptor molecules. The rate depends on the fluorescence quantum yield of the donor, the overlap of the emission spectra of the donor with the absorption of the spectrum of the acceptor, and their relative orientation and distance. It is the overlap of... 

Neurauter G, Klimant I, Wolfbeis OS (1999) Microsecond lifetime-based optical carbon dioxide sensor using luminescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Chim Acta 382 67-75... 

Goldman ER, Medintz IL, Whitley JL et al (2005) A hybrid quantum dot-antibody fragment fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based TNT sensor. J Am Chem Soc 127 6744-6751... 

Medintz IL, Goldman ER, Lassman ME, Mauro JM (2003) A fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor based on maltose binding protein. Bioconjug Chem 14 909-918... 

Keywords Conjugated polyelectrolyte DNA Energy transfer Fluorescence Protein Sensor... 

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