Sensitizing potency

Spsted, H. et al., Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency quantitative structure-activity relationships, Contact Dermatitis, 51, 241, 2004. 

Cheung, C., Hotchkiss, S.A., and Pease, C.K., Cinnamic compound metabolism in human skin and the role metabolism may play in determining relative sensitization potency, J. Dermatol. Sci., 31, 9, 2003. 

Wright, Z.M., et al., Vehicle effects on the skin sensitizing potency of four chemicals assessment using the local lymph node assay. Ini. J. Cosmetic Sci., 23, 75. 

Greim, P., et al., Proposal for a risk assessment methodology for skin sensitization based on sensitization potency data, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 38, 269-290, 2003. 

It should be noted that, although respiratory allergens tested so far were positive in current tests evaluating the skin sensitization potential, skin sensitization potency data available from current test methods do not predict respiratory sensitization potency in general. 

Vermeer, H. Hendriks-Stegeman, B.I. van der Burg, B. van Buul-Offers, S.C. Jansen, M. Glucocorticoid-induced increase in lymphocytic FKBP51 messenger ribonucleic acid expression a potential marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity, potency, and bioavailability. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2003, 88, 277-284. 

The concentration needed to induce a positive response at the defined threshold (EC 1.5) can be calculated from the dose-response curve. Since the test method provides a quantitative readout, it might have the potential to contribute to skin sensitization potency prediction when used in combination with other tests. However, currently no comprehensive assessment has been made on the potential of the quantitative data generated with the test to determine potency. 

Rasmussen TF, Reinders J, Roggen E, Spiekstra S, Gibbs S (2013) Transfer of a two-tiered keratinocyte assay IL-18 production by NCTC2544 to determine the skin sensitizing capacity and epidermal equivalent assay to determine sensitizer potency. Toxicol In Vitro 27(3) 1135-1150... 

Nukada Y, Ashikaga T, Miyazawa M, Hirota M, Sakaguchi H, Sasa H, Nishiyama N (2012) Prediction of skin sensitization potency of chemicals by human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) and an attempt at classifying skin sensitization potency. Toxicol In Vitro 26(7) 1150-1160... 

Jaworska J, Dancik Y, Kern P, Gerberick F, Natsch A (2013) Bayesian integrated testing strategy to assess skin sensitization potency from theory to practice. J Appl Toxicol... 

Hilton J, Dearman RJ, Harvey P, et al. 1998. Estimation of relative skin sensitizing potency using the local lymph node assay A comparison of formaldehyde with glutaraldehyde. Contact Dermatitis 9 29-33. 

Very recent studies have sho vn that Pd has its o vn sensitizing potency, but the cross-reaction betv een Ni and Pd is still not excluded. In contrast to Ni sensitization, it seems that sensitization to Pd very scarcely leads to clinical symptoms. In the case of Pd-hypersensitivity related to dental alloys, only a dozen cases have been described to date. 

Simple molecular substances, as for example metal ions, amines, and epoxy monomers, primarily sensitize through skin contact. The reaction of these allergens to the body s own proteins leads to the formation of specific sensitized immune cells. Repeated skin contact can lead to an allergic contact eczema with a time delay. The sensitization is dependent on the intensity of the contact and the sensitizing potency of the substance. In the case of existing sensitization, mostly very small amounts of the corresponding substances can activate these skin reactions. 

Hausen BM, Loll M (1993) Contact allergy due to colophony (VIII). The sensitizing potency of commercial products an investigation of French and German modified-colophony derivatives. Contact Dermatitis 29 189-191 Hausen BN, Mohnert J (1989) Contact allergy due to colophony (V). Patch test results with different types of colophony and modified-colophony products. Contact Dermatitis 20 295-301... 

Lettuce allergy sensitizing potency of allergens. Contact Dermatitis 15 246-249 253. 

Hausen BM, Devriese EG, Geuns JMC (1988) Sensitizing potency of coleon O in Coleus species (Lamiaceae). Contact Dermatitis 19 217-218... 

Causes irritation following eye contact. Potent skin sensitizer, however, according to assessments of Botham et al. (1990) the sensitizing potency of the a.i. is lower than that of CMIT (Section 13.2). 

Botham, P. A., Hilton, J., Evans, C. D., Less, D. Hall, T. J. (1990). Assessment of the relative skin sensitizing potency of three biocides using the murine local lymph node assay. Contact Dermatit., 22, 1-6. 

Xie Z, Hayakawa R, Sugiura M, et al. Experimental study on skin sensitization potencies and cross-reactivities of hair dye-related chemicals in guinea pigs. Contact Dermatitis. 2000 42 270-5. 

In general, the dermal sensitization potency of each essential oil did not differ significantly from that observed for its main individual component when a natural comprised more than 70% of one individual component. Dermal sensitization potency for essential oils that lack a clear major component could not be easily determined (61). 

---