Sensitizer aggregation

Membrane Potential-Sensitive Aggregates of the Dyes JC-1 and JC-9 for Mitochondria Imaging... 

Flow properties, lubricant sensitivity, aggregation potential, bulk density, compressibility, hygroscopicity... 

An intriguing feature of the VSe2 electrodes sensitized with the thiapentaearbo-cyanine was that the photocurrent action spectra were a function of the bias potential applied to the electrode. For example, the maximum conversion efficiency at -0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl was 1100 nm but shifted to 1080 nm at -1-0.05 V. The origin of these spectral shifts was attributed to sensitizer aggregates formed on the surface that have different conversion efficiencies [92]. 

For practical application of chloride extraction on stractures with potentially sensitive aggregate, it is recommended to assess this in a stepwise process, going to the next step only if the previous step confirms the possible risk of ASR ... 

To avoid expansion and concrete damage even in the presence of alkali-sensitive aggregates the content of equivalent NaO (defined as Na20g= Na2O+0.66K2O) in the concrete mix should not exceed 4 or even 3 kg/m. To meet this criterion a special Portland cement with particularly low alkali content must be employed. In such a cement the equivalent Na20 content should not exceed 0.6%. 

You LC, Lu FZ, Li ZC, Zhang W, Li FM (2003) Glucose-sensitive aggregates formed by poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-glucosyl-oxyethyl acrylate) with coneanavalin A in dilute aqueous medium. Macromolecules 36(l) l-4... 

The finding is perhaps what one would intuitively expect, but it also shows that for the series of Zn-porphyrins studied here, no other factors than those considered in the expression for solar cell efficiency have a significant impact on the variation of solar cell performance. The two rjrei >50 ns points for 12 h sensitization do not follow the same trend as the 1 h plot, suggesting that for a particular value of the observed amplitude of slow recombination, the 12 h solar cell is less efficient than the cell that has an active electrode sensitized for 1 h. It was suggested that the reason for this is sensitizer aggregation caused by the long sensitization, which decreases the injection efficiency and therefore the cell efficiency... 

The ability to make optical measurements on individual molecules and submicroscopic aggregates, one at a time, is a valuable new tool in several areas of molecular science. By eliminating inlromogeneous broadening it allows pure spectroscopy to be perfonned witli unprecedented precision in certain condensed phase systems. As an analytical method it pennits tire rapid detection of certain analytes witli unmatched sensitivity. Finally, it is revolutionizing our... 

Sensitizers as well as desensitizers form a reversal oxidoreduction system with silver halides, according to both pH and pAg of the photographic emulsion. But besides the specific influence of the emulsion, the efficiency of a sensitizing dye depends on many other factors such as its adsorption, its spectral absorption, the energetic transfer yield, the dye aggregate to the silver halide, and finally on its desensitizing property in... 

Improvement of spectral sensitization can be accompHshed by dye combinations. The effect has been found to often be greater than the predicted additive sensitivity increase. This phenomenon is called supetsensitization (94), which is appHed most effectively to polymethine aggregates (96). 

A minimum of 10 to 35 parts carbon black to 100 parts of mbber is required to obtain a resistivity in the order of 10 Q-cm. At that loading the carbon black particles, which have an average radius of 10 nm, form grapelike aggregates that provide continuous paths for the electrical current. Special purpose mbbers containing even more carbon black have resistances as low as 1 Q-cm (129). The electrical resistivity of mbber with carbon black is sensitive to strain history, probably because of temporary dismptions of the continuity of the carbon black aggregates. 

Fig. 6. Effect of added supersensitizers on a J-aggregated spectral sensitizing dye, l,l -dieth5i-2,2 -quinocyariine chloride [2402-42-8] (1), for which...

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