Sensitized chemiluminescence

Lucas, M., and Solano, F. (1992). Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe its usefulness in the assay of respiratory burst in neutrophils. Anal. Biochem. 206 273-277. 

Nishinaka, Y., et al. (1993). A new sensitive chemiluminescence probe, L-012, for measuring the production of superoxide anion by cells. Biocbem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 193 554—559. 

Li X, Zhang G, Ma H et al (2004) 4, 5-Dimethylthio-4 -[2-(9-anthryloxy)ethylthio]tetra-thiafulvalene, a highly selective and sensitive chemiluminescence probe for singlet oxygen. J Am Chem Soc 126 11543-11548... 

CL reactions are commonly divided into two classes. In the type I (direct) reaction the oxidant and reductant interact with rate constant kr to directly form the excited product whose excited singlet state decays with the first (or pseudofirst)-order rate constant ks = kf+ kd. In the type II (indirect) reaction the oxidant and reactant interact with the formation of an initially excited product (kr) followed by the formation of an excited secondary product, either by subsequent chemical reaction or by energy transfer, with rate constant kA. The secondary product then decays from the lowest excited singlet state with rate constant kt. Type II reactions are generally denoted as complex or sensitized chemiluminescence. 

Wu, X.Z., M. Yamada, T. Hobo, and S. Suzuki. 1989. Uranine sensitized chemiluminescence for alternative determinations of copper (II) and free cyanide by the flow injection method. Anal. Chem. 61 1505-1510. Yamamoto, H.A. 1989. Hyperammonemia, increased brain neutral and aromatic amino acid levels, and encephalopathy induced by cyanide in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 99 415 120. 

Dioxetanes, labeled with triggers sensitive to the alkaline-phosphatase enzyme, serve as highly sensitive chemiluminescent probes in numerous bioassays. Current applications include immunoassays, membrane-based detection of proteins and nucleic acids, and microplate-based and array-based nucleic-acid detection. ... 

Chemiluminescence immunoassay methods have many applications (Weeks, 1992). Highly sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassays were developed by Tsuji et al. (1989) for determination of enzymes (oxidases, peroxidase, glucose oxidase, P-D-galactosidase) as well as various hormones and drugs in biological fluids (Tsuji et al., 1989). 

The luminol detector is based on the sensitive chemiluminescent reaction between N02 and luminol in solution. The luminol in alkaline solution reacts with N02 to produce intensive CL centred on 425 nm. The detector cell itself is a 15 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm rectangular block, with inlets and outlets for the carrier gas and luminol flows. The reaction cell contains a fabric wick that is wetted with the luminol solution (1 x 10-4M luminol, 0.2MNa2SO3, 0.05M NaOH, 1.5 x 10 4 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 0.1% surfactant). The wick is viewed by a PMT through an acrylic window, which is transparent to the chemiluminescent light at 425 nm. When a N02 peak enters the cell, a fraction of the N02 dissolves in the solution on the surface of the wick, which then reacts with luminol to ultimately yield a strong CL. The results described indicate that this detector may be successfully used for the sensitive and selective detection of any nitrogen-containing species that may thermally decompose to yield N02, with a potential use for the detection of explosives (2,4-DNT and TNT). 

Aly et al. [16] reported a rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of three fluoroquinolone derivatives, including ciprofloxacin, in both pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids. The method is based on the CL reaction of the drugs with tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid medium. The CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of ciprofloxacin in solution over the range 0.05-6 pg/mL, and the limit of detection was reported to be 26 nM. 

Luminescent bacteria are found in various ecological niches, but most species are present in the ocean where some live in symbiosis with fish. Light emission can be switched on and off and it is the present thesis that bacterial bioluminescence goes by a sensitized chemiluminescence mechanism luminescent bacteria are placed into two genera, Vibrio and... 

Bakkali L, Guillou R, Gonzague M, Q uciere C (1994) A rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence dot-immunobinding assay for screening hybridoma supernatants. J Immunol Metliods 170 177—184. 

Ishida J, Takada M, Hitoshi N, lizuka R, Yamaguchi M. 4-Dimethylaminobenzylamine as a sensitive chemiluminescence derivatization reagent for 5-hydroxyindoles and its application to their quantification in human platelet-poor plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000 738 199-206. 

The normal reference interval for TPOAb is controversial. With sensitive assays, low concentrations of TPOAb may be detected in some healthy individuals without thyroid disease. There is a high prevalence of anti-TPO antibodies in the elderly. However, longitudinal studies suggest that the presence of TPOAb is a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid dysfimetion. TPO antibody concentrations are usually expressed as units per milliliter with reference to the MRC Standard 66/387. With a competitive IRMA, the mean TPOAb activity in normal sera is 69 15 U/mL (SEM). Using a sensitive chemiluminescence assay, values are less than 2 U/mL. ... 

Luminol derivatives are used for the simple and highly sensitive chemiluminescent assays of DNAs and enzyme activities. Luminol produces 3-aminophthalic acid and emits light in the presence of peroxide in an alkaline medium. 

Nishizono I, lida S, Suzuki N, Kawada H, Murakami H. eds. Rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for measuring tumor markers. Clin Chem 1991 37 1639-44. 

Hu Y, Zhang Z, Yang C. A Sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of H2O2 in exhaled breath condensate. Anal Sci 2008 24 201-5. 

Ohno K, Arakawa H, Yoda R, Maeda M. Development of novel high-sensitivity chemiluminescence assay for luminol using thiourea derivatives. Luminescence 1999 14 355-60. 

H13. Holtke, H. J., Sanger, G., Kessler, C., and Schmitz, G., Sensitive chemiluminescent detection of digoxygenin-labeled nucleic acids A fast simple protocol and its applications. BioTech-niques 12, 104-113 (1992). 

P15. Pronovost, A. D., Baumgarten, A., and Hsiung, G. D., Sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of human immunoglobulin G and detection of Herpes Simplex virus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13, 97-101 (1981). 

Metzger, J., M. Blobner, and P. B. Luppa. 2001. Sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay for the determination of rat serum al-acid glycoprotein. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 39 514—518. 

A novel sensitized chemiluminescence from thiazine dyes sensitized by singlet oxygen has been observed 807 and the absolute yields of chemiluminescence from the pulse radiolysis of aqueous dye solutions have been determined.808... 

M. Yamada, S. Kamiyami, and S. Suzuki, Eosin Y-Sensitized Chemiluminescence of 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane in Surfactant Vesicles... 

M. Ishii, M. Yamada, and S. Suzuki, Determination of Ultratraces of Cyanide Ion by Flow-Injection Analysis with Surfactant Bilayer Vesicle-Catalyzed, and Uranine-Sensitized Chemiluminescence [in Japanese]. Bunseki Kagaku, 35 (1986) 955. 

Zhao, S., Xie, C., Lu, X., Song, Y, and Liu, Y. M., A facile and sensitive chemiluminescence detection of amino acids in biological samples after capillary electrophoretic separation. Electrophoresis, 26, 1745,2005. 

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