Semi-finished materials

Compared with the three other semi-finished materials, the tapes are fully consolidated (Fig. 7.16), that is, the micro and macro impregnation are completely done. FuUy consolidated tapes are available on the market with fiber volume contents of up to 60% and even higher. Due to the not applicable impregnation process the winding speed can be higher in comparison to the other winding patterns. The heating zone melts the polymer and the tension (Fig. 7.6) or compaction roller (Rg. 7.7) presses the filaments on the mandrel. 

A general vote as to which kind of semi-finished material is preferred is not... 

Table 7.3 Comparison of different supply forms of semi-finished materials for thermoplastic filament winding...

A puU process is activated in response to a confirmed order from a customer. This includes make to order or a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing process. As shown in Figure 3.3, in a pull process the supplier does not stock finished products but holds higher quantity of semi-finished materials and often higher supply... 

DIN 51064. Testing of ceramic raw and semi-finished materials determination of fire resistance of refractory bricks under load. 

Stock shapes, also called semi-finished materials, are extruded or cast rods, mandrels or thick-walled tubes, thick sheets or profiles. Products made from polyamide include bearings, gear wheels, bushes, pulleys, buffers, seals, scrapers and electrical insulation parts. 

For some types of production, the facility housing the equipment and machinery needed to create, move, and store product has to be designed. The pathways for raw materials and semi-finished product need to be thought out and the gangways for staff movement need careful planning to prevent hazard. 

In spite of the presence of ECC, the sample exhibiting a domain structure remains unoriented on the macroscopic level. Figure 3 c shows a great difference in the structures obtained, if molecular orientation exists and if hydrostatic compression is applied. Although the method of hydrostatic compression of the melt is of paramount importance from the scientific view point just for samples crystallized under pressure it was possible to prove unequivocally the existence of ECC), it does not allow a direct preparation of oriented samples of high strength (they are brittle and readily crumble to powder under minimum strain). However, the material obtained in this way can probably serve as a semi-finished product for further technological treatment that would improve its mechanical properties. 

European Plastics Directory Materials, Semi-Finished Products, Machinery, Ancillary Equipment, Rapra, 2003. 

In order to achieve a favourable load curve, the stator casing is mostly made in the form of a thick-walled hollow cylinder as a semi-finished forging of material C22.8 (as per VdTUV 350) for temperatures up to 350°C or an austenitic stainless steel. Its cylindrical construction makes it easy to calculate the load curve as described in the AD data sheets (Figure 4). The add-on components, the spacer with the pump casing and the motor sealing cover are bolted to the motor by means of concentrically arranged high-pressure expansion bolts. 

The fibers or the yarn or rovings made therefrom can be processed to fleeces or mats (non-oriented semi-finished product) and textiles, lattices or meshes (oriented semifinished products) and can be utilized as such e.g. for thermal insulation or as filter materials, or in composites with other materials e.g. for fiber-reinforced polymers, metals or ceramics. Fibers are generally marketed after surface treatment (chemical modification, annealing, smoothing) to optimize their application and processing properties. 

The type of Petri net model used in this research is Place Weighted Petri net. Places represent equipment, transitions show starting and finishing of operations and tokens are raw material, semi-finished and finished products. The weights on places indicate Safety-Cost Ratios for equipment. 

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