Self-supporting structures

Self-replication, in supramolecular chemistry, 24 49-50 Self-rising flours, 26 281-282, 283 Self-sensing, in rheometers, 21 737 Self-supporting structures, artificial graphite in, 12 745 Self-warming baby milk bottle... 

It was mentioned that when a piece of SC-155 was calcined at 1000 "C in oxidizing atmosphere, the obtained product was a white porous amorphous silica material with the same shape and external volume as the starting one, and when a piece of the same material was submitted to acid attack by 20 % HF aqueous solution, a self supported carbon network was obtained, also with the same shape and external volume as the original These experiences show that the silica network and carbon network are self supported structures and independent one from the other. 

Alternative to fibers and 2D and 3D woven or nonwoven networks thereof formed as either self-supporting structures or as a hydrogel, it is possible to self-assemble peptides into thin self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) or multilayer structures. Such structures have been reported to act as membranes for controlled diffusion of ions and controlled movement of body fluids and contaminants (Ellis-Behnke et al., 2006, 2007 Holmes et al., 1999). Alternatively, various techniques have been put in place to provide coatings on various substrates ranging from tissue to metals and inorganics, for example, mica (Boden et al., 2002 Haynie, 2005,2007 Haynie and Zhi, 2007 Yoo et al., 2008). 

Self supporting structures (vessels, columns, piping)... 

The polymeric materials are used in (i) barrier applications (ii) self-supporting structures (tanks, piping, valves and pumps) (ii) column internals, seals, gaskets, adhesives and caulkings. An overview of polymeric materials used in corrosion control applications is given in Figure 4.8. 

V-1 Grade - Similar to V-0 Grade except in thicknesses of less than 1/8". It is highly unlikely that this grade would be used for fabricating self-supporting structures. 

The basic model of a grease, then, is that of a self-supporting structure of interlocked fibers or aggregates of gellant, within which liquid is held by capillary forces. This model is consistent with the two characteristics most typical of grease resistance to change of... 

The German industry is pursuing the design of a natural gas fueled SOFC with a self-supporting structure of an electrolyte of 100 fim thickness and an area of 50 by 50 mm. Developmental steps of SOFC in the Siemens company have started with a 50 W unit in 1993, passed 370 W, 1.8 kW, 10.8 kW, and eventually reached 20 kW in 1996. The design specifications of a SOFC combined heat power plant (see Fig. 7-5) are an efficiency of > 50 %, a fuel utilization of > 90 %, a thermal cyclability of > 100 cycles, and an operational lifetime of > 40,000 hours. A 20 % pre-reforming of the natural gas fuel is required. Its construction is expected within the next 2-3 years [40]. 

Standard Specification for Reinforced Plastic Laminates for Self-Supporting Structures for Use in a Chemical Environment, Standard C-582, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA (1984). 

One particular form of such activity which can be particularly hazardous is the use of false-work. Falsework is a temporary structure used to support a non-self-supporting structure during its construction or refurbishment. An example is the wooden structure to support a brickwork arch which is being built. Only competent persons should plan, erect, load or dismantle false-work. The collapse of false-work structures is common and, when occurring at height, can cause serious injury. Most accidents caused by the collapse of false-work are caused by the lack of liaison between the various trades using it and its suppliers or erectors. 

All other self-supporting structures not otherwise covered 3 1.0... 

The major advantages of expanded-foam insulations are their ease of fabrication, relatively low cost, and self-supporting structure. They can either be foamed into flexible sheets, foamed in place, or foamed into rigid insulation sections. Their structural rigidity depends on the mechanical properties of the basic materials from which they were expanded and on the size and configuration of the cellular network. The ability of foams to maintain their shape may eliminate the need for other supports of greater thermal conductivity for the inner shell of a cryogenic container. 

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