Intravenous self-administration

Fattore L, Cossu G, Martellotta CM, et al Intravenous self-administration of the Cbl receptor agonist WIN 55,212—2 in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156 410-416, 2001... 

The neuroehemical sites for psyehomotor stimulant reward are likely to be the presynaptic dopamine terminals located in the region of the nucleus aeeumbens, frontal cortex, and other forebrain structures that originate in the ventral tegmental area. Note, however, that intraeranial self-administration of eoeaine is elicited from the frontal cortex, but not from the nucleus aeeumbens (Goeders and Smith 1983). Thus, eoneomitant activation of structures other than the nucleus accumbens may be an important part of the circuitry involved in initiation of cocaine intravenous self-administration, as has been hypothesized for the opiates (Smith and Lane 1983 Smith et al. 1982). 

Ettenberg, A. Pettit H.O. Bloom, F.E. and Koob, G.F. Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats Mediation by separate neural systems. Psychopharmacology 78 204-209, 1982. 

Ranaldi, R., Wise, R.A. Intravenous self-administration of methamphetamine-heroin (speedball) combinations under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats. Neuroreport. 11 2621, 2000. 

Alderson HL, Latimer MP, Winn P (2006) Intravenous self-administration of nicotine is altered by lesions of the posterior, but not anterior, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 23 2169-2175... 

Nicotine withdrawal after chronic exposure through osmotic pumps or intravenous self-administration produces withdrawal symptoms. 

Bupropion at low doses (10-30 mg kg ) had no effect on increased intravenous self-administration of nicotine, whereas higher dose of bupropion (30-78 mg kg ) decreased nicotine self-administration under a fixed-ratio schedule. Bupropion (20-40 mg kg ) had no effect on intravenous self-administration of nicotine under a progressive-ratio schedule. 

Rimonabant decreased intravenous self-administration of nicotine under a fixed-ratio schedule decreased responding maintained by nicotine-associated stimuh and blocked nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. 

Goldberg SR, Spealman RD, Goldberg DM (1981b) Persistent behavior at high rates maintained by intravenous self-administration of nicotine. Science 214 573-575... 

Martellotta MC, Kuzmin A, Zvartau E, Cossu G, Gessa GL, Fratta W (1995) Isradipine inhibits nicotine intravenous self-administration in drug-naive mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52 271-274... 

Wakasa Y, Takada K, Yanagita T (1995) Reinforcing effect as a function of infusion speed in intravenous self-administration of nicotine in rhesus monkeys. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 15 53-59... 

The effects of DA receptor agonists on cocaine self-administration have been examined, with some success—bromocriptine, lisuride, and SDZ 208911 have been reported to lower intravenous self-administration of cocaine (Pulvirenti and Koob 1994). 

Stewart, Jane, and Paul Vezina. 1988. "A Comparison of the Effects of Intra-Accumbens Injections of Amphetamine and Morphine on Reinstatement of Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration Behavior." Brain Research 457 287-94. 

Martin-Iverson MT, Szostak C, Fibiger HC (1986) 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the medi al prefrontal cortex fail to influence intravenous self-administration of cocaine. Psychopharmacology 310-314. 

Roberts DCS, Corcoran ME, Fibiger HC (1977) On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 5 615-620. 

Stewart J, Vezina PA (1988) Comparison of the effects of intra-accumbens injections of amphetamine and morphine on reinstatement of heroin intravenous self-administration behavior. Brain Res 457(2) 287-294. 

Yokel RA, Pickens R (1974) Drug level of D- and L-amphetamine during intravenous self-administration. 

The following postmortem tissue concentrations were reported in a fatal case involving the intravenous self-administration of methohexitone blood 103 M-g/ml, kidney 45 pg/g, liver 41 pg/g, spleen 41 pg/g alcohol was also found in the blood (B. Finkle, 1967—personal communication). In a fatality due to the injection of about 300 mg of methohexitone, postmortem blood and liver concentrations of 2 pg/ml and 17 pg/g, respectively, were reported (J. E. Ryall, Bull. int. Ass. forens. Toxicol., 1981,76(2), 36-37). 

In 3 fatalities caused by the intravenous self-administration of methylamphetamine, the following postmortem tissue concentrations, pg/ml or pg/g, were reported ... 

Torres-Alanis O, Garza-Ocanas L, Pineyro-Lopez A. Intravenous self-administration of metallic mercury report of a case with a 5-year follow-up. J Toxicol Cliu Toxicol 1997 35(l) 83-7. 

Lynn KL. Acute rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after intravenous self-administration of peanut oil. Br Med J 1975 4 ... 

Behavioural and neurochemical studies have now clarified the controversy about the abuse liability of cannabinoids by demonstrating that such drugs fulfil most of the common features attributed to compounds with reinforcing properties. Cannabinoid rewarding properties have been identified using intracranial selfstimulation, conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration paradigms. Furthermore, a cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome has also been characterized in different animal species (Lichtman and Martin 2002 Maldonado and Rodriguez de Fonseca 2002). 

Some behavioural responses induced by nicotine were modified in mice lacking CBi cannabinoid receptors. Thus, whereas the severity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome was not affected in CBj knockout mice, the rewarding properties of nicotine, evaluated in the conditioned place preference assay, was abolished in these animals (Castane et al. 2003). In contrast, the absence of CBi cannabinoid receptors did not modify acute self-administration induced by nicotine (Cossu et al. 2001). The effective doses in these two behavioural models (acute intravenous self-administration and conditioned place preference) are different, which makes it difficult to directly compare the results of these studies. However, the interaction between THC and nicotine previously reported by using pharmacological and bio-... 

Carney JM, Uwaydah IM, Balster RL (1977) Evaluation of a suspension system for intravenous self-administration studies of water-insoluble compounds in the rhesus monkey. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 7 357-364... 

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