Selective Surface Modification

A control of the substrate surface properties prior to inkjet printing can be used in order to improve the printing quality of structures with fine resolution. The recent methods for the fabrication of patterned surfaces with a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties have been reviewed (6). 

The results of inkjet printing of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene) (PEDOT)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) conductive ink on these modified surfaces have been discussed. 

Selective wetting can be achieved by a two-step hydrophilic-hydrophobic coating of 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and 3M electronic grade chemical, respectively, on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces. Afterwards, a selective hydrophilic treatment follows. 

Hydrophobic regions with a water contact angle of 105° and su-perhydrophihc regions with a water contact angle smaller than 5° can be achieved on a single surface. 

During the inkjet printing of the treated surfaces, the PEDOT/PSS ink spreads spontaneously along the hydrophilic areas, while avoiding the hydrophobic regions (6). 

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The bonding of phosphonic acids to Si02 surfaces has also been reported in an organic solvent, Si-O-P bonds are formed by Si-OH/P-OH condensation [159] however, in an aqueous medium, no bonding was observed [127]. This behavior, which may be ascribed to the sensitivity of Si-O-P bonds to hydrolysis, has been utihzed for the micro- and nanopatterning of surfaces by selective surface modification of Ti02 patterns within a matrix ofSiOz [128]. 

A wide variety of polymeric membranes with different barrier properties is already available, many of them in various formats and with various dedicated specifications. The ongoing development in the field is very dynamic and focused on further increasing barrier selectivities (if possible at maximum transmembrane fluxes) and/ or improving membrane stability in order to broaden the applicability. This tailoring of membrane performance is done via various routes controlled macro-molecular synthesis (with a focus on functional polymeric architectures), development of advanced polymer blends or mixed-matrix materials, preparation of novel composite membranes and selective surface modification are the most important trends. Advanced functional polymer membranes such as stimuli-responsive [54] or molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes [55] are examples of the development of another dimension in that field. On that basis, it is expected that polymeric membranes will play a major role in process intensification in many different fields. 

Figure 17 Schematic illustration of the selective surface modification using multiphase laminar microflows (Zhao et al., 2001).

All electrodes react with their environment via the surfaces in ways which will determine their electrochemical performance. Properly selected surface modification can effectively enhance the electrode heterogeneous catalysis property, especially selectivity and activity. The bulk materials can be chosen to provide mechanical, chemical, electrical, and structural integrity. In this part, several surface modification methods will be introduced in terms of metal film deposition, metal ion implantation, electrochemical activation, organic surface coating, nanoparticle deposition, glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme-modified electrode, and DNA-modified electrode. 

Multilayer resist technology offers a number of advantages in the generation of relief images but carries the burden of process complexity. We wish to report a novel process that greatly simplifies the optical MLR sequence. This concept is based on selective surface modification of the resist with a reactive dye which masks selected areas toward later flood exposure and solvent development. 

Kapur R, Spargo BJ, Chen MS, Calvert JM, Rudolph AS. Fabrication and selective surface modification of 3-dimensionally textured biomedical polymers from etched sihcon substrates. / Biomed Mater Res 1996 33 205-16. 

Szunerits, S. and R. Boukherroub. Diamond nanoparticles. A review of selected surface modification. Methods for bioconjngation, biology and medicine, in Applied Surface Chemistry of Nanomaterials, M. M. Chehimi, 1. Pinson (Eds.), Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, 2013, pp. 3-32. 

Due to their remote operation, plasma jets are particularly suited for treatment of three-dimensional (3D) structures and for selective surface modifications of specific parts. The treatment of plastics by small-sized atmospheric plasma jet sources based on RF discharges was reported in Ref. [44]. 

KeU, A. J. and Workentin, M. S., Aryl ketone photochemistry on monolayer protected clusters study of the Norrish type II reaction as a probe of conformational mobihty and for selective surface modification, Langmuir, 17, 7355, 2001. 

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