Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors depression from

There is, however, a unique risk in the bipolar form that antidepressant treatment may trigger a switch into mania. This may occur either as the natural outcome of recovery from depression or as a pharmacological effect of the drug. Particular antidepressants (the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) seem less liable to induce the switch into mania than other antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy. Treatment for mania consists initially of antipsychotic medication, for instance the widely used haloperidol, often combined with other less specific sedative medication such as the benzodiazepines (lorazepam intramuscularly or diazepam orally). The manic state will usually begin to subside within hours and this improvement develops further over the next 2 weeks. If the patient remains disturbed with manic symptoms, additional treatment with a mood stabilizer may help. 

Altered removal of a neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. The third mechanism by which drugs may alter synaptic activity involves changes in neurotransmitter reuptake or degradation. A very well known example of a drug in this category is Prozac (fluoxetine), which is used to treat depression. The complete etiology is unknown, but it is widely accepted that depression involves a deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine and serotonin) in the CNS. Prozac, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, prevents removal of serotonin from the synaptic cleft. As a result, the concentration and activity of serotonin are enhanced. 

A breakthrough in the treatment of major depression was the discovery of fluoxetine, marketed as Prozac. Fluoxetine has a mechanism of action similar to that of imipramine with an important exception. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, an SSRI. This strongly suggests that, in some sense, the symptoms of major depression result from a deficit in serotonin specifically. By inhibiting its reuptake from the synapse, the activity of serotonin is enhanced. Two other important drugs for major depression, sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil), among several others,... 

The low side effect profile, ease of use, and powerful clinical effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) revolutionized the treatment of depression and anxiety in the 1990s. The success of the SSRIs shifted the focus from noradrenergic to serotonergic mechanisms in these common disorders. 

Anderson DN, Wilkinson AM, Abou-Saleh MT, et al Recovery from depression after electroconvulsive therapy is accompanied by evidence of increased tetra-hydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylation. Acta Psychiatr Scand 90 10-13, 1994 Anderson IM, Cowen PJ Effect of pindolol on endocrine and temperature responses to buspirone in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 106 428-432, 1992 Anderson IM, Tomenson BM Treatment discontinuation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants a meta-analysis. BMJ 310 1433-1438, 1995... 

Song F, Freemantle N, Sheldon TA Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptabihty. BMJ 306(6879) 683-687, 1993 Song L, Jope R Chronic lithium treatment impairs phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in membranes from rat brain regions. J Neurochem 58 2200-2206, 1992 Souza EG, Mander AJ, Goodwin GM The efficacy of lithium in prophylaxis of unipolar depression evidenced from its discontinuation. Br J Psychiatry 157 718-722, 1990... 

We have provided a summary of the results from double-blind, random-assignment studies (usually class I or II designs) comparing HCAs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), other new antidepressants, and MAOIs with placebo or with each other for the acute treatment of depression. Each study was reviewed, and a global judgment made, based on all the evidence presented, as to whether a given drug was more effective than placebo or another control therapy. 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI s) like Prozac are used to treat many psychiatric disorders ranging from intermittent explosive disorder, to obsessive-compulsive disorder, to major depression and panic disorder (1), even though these disorders differ in their behavioral expression. How does one drug class treat these disparate disorders ... 

Amitriptyline is usually the treatment of choice for neuropathic pain. Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (Prozac ),paroxetine (Paxil ),sertraline (Zoloft ), and clomipramine (Anafranil ) can be used, but they don t appear to be as effective as TCAs. The doses for TCAs in treating neuropathic pain are usually lower than those for treating depression, and the drugs usually start to take effect more quickly in relieving pain than they do in relieving depression. It is interesting that people who suffer from chronic pain often experience symptoms of depression, so TCAs can benefit these people by helping to ease not only their pain but also their depressed mood. 

Fluoxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been associated with increasing suicidal ideation in some populations of patients. Recent studies have led the British Department of Health to warn physicians against using paroxetine off label. Fluoxetine was specifically exempted from this recommendation. Long-term studies of patients with depression who were treated with fluoxetine have shown it to be fairly well tolerated. Primary adverse effects include nausea (23%), headache (21%), and insomnia (20%). 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently prescribed medications. Their therapeutic actions are diverse, ranging from efficacy in depression to obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, and other conditions. They include bupropion, fluoxetine, nefazodone, paroxetine, and miscellaneous other drugs. 

S.S.R.I.s [Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, a type of so-called antidepressant medication] for depression. I also believe that five years from now you should be put in jail if you don t give crack addicts the medication we re working on now. In plain English, Leshner dreams of coercing physicians to forcibly drug patients. 

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