Seismic applications

The FRP strengthening application, as indicated in the CSLLPP guidelines, should be carried out by taking into account the instructions provided in the codes and in the recently published literature on the issue of anti-seismic structures, as follows  

Evaluation of seismic safety Safety requirements (verification of limit states) 

Levels of seismic protection (magnitude of the associated seismic action) Methods of analysis 

Verification criteria (distinction between ductile and brittle members) 

The type, magnitude, and urgency of the FRP application should depend on the outcomes of a preliminary evaluation of seismic safety, considering above all that  

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International Seismic Application Technology (ISAT), with headquarters in La Mirada, California, uses earthquake engineers to do site studies and to design seismic-restraint systems for plumbing, air-conditioning ducts, and electrical systems in buildings. 

American Institute of Steel Construction. 2006. Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications. Chicago, Illinois. 

Martinez-Rodrigo, M., Romero, M. L. (2003). An optimum retrofit strategy for moment resisting frames with nonlinear viscous dampers for seismic applications. Engineering Structures, 25(2), 913-925. doi 10.1016/SO141-0296(03)00025-7... 

Hoang, N., Fujino, Y., Wamitchai, P. (2008). Optimal tuned mass damper for seismic applications and practical design formulas. Engineering Structures, 30, 707-715. doi 10.1016/j. engstract.2007.05.007... 

Berton, S., Bolander,E. B. (2005). Amplification system for supplemental damping devices in seismic applications. Journal of Structural Engineering, 131(6), 979-983. doi 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131 6(979)... 

The I C systems designed for actuation of all safety systems are classified as safety systems. This means that the qualification criteria (e.g. environmental and seismic) applicable to safety systems are used. The decision was taken for several reasons to replace the existing RPS (RTS and ESFAS) with a new one. The safety concept (basic engineering) is complete. Detailed analyses of all the logics of the existing system and of the experience gained in the course of the EOP development, PSA studies, periodic safety analyses and operational experience were used in the development of the new concept. A preliminary PSA was done for the new configuration of the system. The results are satisfactory. 

Symans MD, Chamey FA, Whittaker AS, Constantinou MC, Kircher CA, Johnson MW, McNamara RJ (2008) Energy dissipation systems for seismic applications current practice and recent developments. J StradEng ASCE 134(1) 3-21... 

MEMS accelerometers are integrated micromachined electromechanical devices widely used in industry that presently do not match the classical EBA performance, but are useful for some seismic applications. 

AISC 358 (2010) Prequalified connections for special and intermediate moment frames for seismic applications. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago... 

Ormondroyd J (1928) Theory of the dynamic vibration absorber. Trans ASME 50 9-22 Riidinger F (2007) Tuned mass damper with nonlinear viscous damping. J Sound Vib 300(3) 932-948 Sadek F, Mohraz B, Taylor AW, Chung RM (1997) A method of estimating the parameters of tuned mass dampers for seismic applications. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 26(6) 617-636 Sladek JR, Klingner RE (1983) Effect of tuned-mass dampers on seismic response. J Struct Eng 109(8) 2004-2009... 

Sadek F, Mohraz B, Taylm AW, Chung RM (1997) A method of estimating the parameters of tuned mass dampers for seismic applications. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 26 617-635... 

The ratio V /Vs is an important property for seismic applications (see also Section 6.9). In order to estimate shear wave velocities when only compres-sional wave velocities are available, Castagna et al. (1985) derived an empirical equation commonly referred to as the mudrock-line ... 

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